The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The various cuneiform texts dated back to Ur ш dynasty (2112_ 2004B.C) this period have varied greatly in the knowledge of many aspects Mesopotamia , and economic are one most important types circulation common as formed vast majority those texts, thing that indicates prosperity increasing activity it provided us with information about political conditions underwent at time which ultimately led...

The first notes about gingival diseases were made around 1500 B.C. in Papyrus Ebers Egypt and Mesopotamia. Ever since the importance of supporting tissue teeth is exponentially increasing. Especially implant dentistry, it not just a matter aesthetics but also plays main role functionality. nomenclature definitions periodontal surgeries have enormously changed past decades. aim this article to r...

Imported ceramics from Early Bronze Age contexts in southeast Arabia illustrate a complex multidirectional network of material and social interactions at this time. Significant socioeconomic changes that occurred the Hafit (3200–2800 B.C.) Umm an-Nar (2800–2000 periods have been linked to external demand for copper, which is argued stimulated change subsistence patterns. Similarly, disruption l...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...

The world’s first cities emerged on the plains of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) in the fourth millennium BC. Attempts to understand this settlement process have assumed revolutionary social change, the disappearance of kinship as a structuring principle, and the appearance of a rational bureaucracy. Most assume cities and state-level social organization were deliberate functional adaptati...