High strength aluminum alloys, especially those containing zirconium, are historically difficult to grain refine. Early efforts by Alcoa indicated that the addition of lithium to these alloys increases difficulty with grain refinement. Although grain refining of alloys 2090 and 2091 was possible, consistent results were not obtained. Statistically-designed experiments were used to quickly ident...

Although there have been numerous studies examining the toxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel compounds in humans and animals, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. In our research, NIH/3T3 cells were exposed to nickel-refining fumes at the concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.50, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level...

OBJECTIVES To provide a concise and practical guide to the development, modification, and use of behavioral coding schemes for observational data in pediatric psychology. METHODS This article provides a review of relevant literature and experience in developing and refining behavioral coding schemes. RESULTS A step-by-step guide to developing and/or modifying behavioral coding schemes is pr...

To get suitable ladle slag which can avoid slag sticking onto the RH immersion tube during RH refining process of IF steel, the effect of composition on melting point and viscosity of RH refining ladle slag was studied by different additives which is based on CaO. The results of melting point and viscosity testing experiments indicates that, the melting point and viscosity of RH refining ladle ...

Transportation and refining of heavy metal-bearing oil are associated with the problems localized destruction metal structures elements due to corrosion. In process equipment operation, it was revealed that premature failure steel coils heating tube furnaces at refineries petrochemical plants insufficient strength corrosion resistance steelwork. The study effect structure phase composition 15KH...

Direct methods have made remarkable progress in the computational efficiency of factorization algorithms during the last three decades. The advances in graph theoretic algorithms have not received enough attention from the iterative methods community. For example, we demonstrate how symbolic factorization algorithms from direct methods can accelerate the computation of a factored approximate in...

Conversational case-based reasoning (CBR) shells (e.g., In-ference's CBR Express) are commercially successful tools for supporting the development of help desk and related applications. In contrast to rule-based expert systems, they capture knowledge as cases rather than more problematic rules, and they can be incrementally extended. However , rather than eliminate the knowledge engineering bot...