Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), a class of complex mixtures synthesized from polychlorinated n-alkanes, are widely used as flame retardants, plasticizers, lubricant additives, coolants, metalworking cutting fluids, and sealants. This study investigated the spatial distribution, potential pollution sources, ecological risk 24 short-chain CPs (SCCPs) medium-chain (MCCPs) 29 surface marine sediment s...

Abstract Due to an excellent ratio of high strength low density, as well a strong corrosion resistance, the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4 V is widely used in industrial applications. However, also difficult-to-cut material because its thermal conductivity and chemical reactivity, especially at elevated temperatures. As result, machining characterized by loads rapidly progressing thermo-chemical induc...

This is one of series of review articles on formaldehyde and formaldehyde-releasers (others: formaldehyde in cosmetics, in clothes and in metalworking fluids and miscellaneous). Thirty-five chemicals were identified as being formaldehyde-releasers. Although a further seven are listed in the literature as formaldehyde-releasers, data are inadequate to consider them as such beyond doubt. Several ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the reported incidence of occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis (OHP) in the UK and to consider whether the pattern of attributed causation has changed over time. METHODS All cases of OHP reported to the SWORD scheme between January 1996 and December 2015 were classified into 1 of 10 categories of the suspected agent. Cases were grouped into four 5-year time periods ...

BACKGROUND Human cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) have been reported among machinists for over 10 yr. Although mycobacteria have been implicated as causal agents, this has not been established in experimental studies and the mechanisms remain unclear. Other constituents of in-use metalworking fluids (MWFs) may also contribute to the development of lung disease. We investigated the pot...

BACKGROUND Twelve workers from a car engine-manufacturing plant presented with extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), with heterogeneous clinical, radiological and pathological findings. They were exposed to metalworking fluids (MWF) that cooled, lubricated and cleaned the machines. METHODS They were characterized by history, examination, lung function testing, radiology, bronchoscopic lavage, ...

Whole glove testing for a metalworking fluid (MWF) in the field was performed for the first time. Green latex gloves used in a machine shop were exposed for 20 min to MWF. The permeated amount (1.0 +/- 0.5 microg/cm(2)) was higher than the threshold (0.25 microg/cm(2)) for the ASTM F739-99a closed-loop normalized breakthrough time.

Machining process in Manufacturing system is the removal of material to produce a desired shape, size and, or weight particular part. This involves use cutting, grinding and boring tools as case maybe, itself not free from challenges that includes reduction tool life which are usually affected also effect friction affects machine parts. Therefore, an engineering practice manufacturing required ...

Mycobacterium immunogenum, a newly identified member of the Mycobacterium chelonae_M. abscessus complex is considered a potential etiological agent for hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in machine workers exposed to contaminated metalworking fluid (MWF). This study investigated the biocidal efficacy of the frequently applied commercial formaldehyde-releasing (HCHO) biocides Grotan and Bioban CS...