Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of casein and hydroxyapatite on remineralization of white spot enamel lesion and assessment by a new caries detection device, FluoreCam System (Thereametric Co., Indianapolis, USA). Study Design: Demineralized human enamel specimens were measured for baseline surface by the following methods; micro hardness, Quantitative Light ...

Episode pattern is a generalized concept of subsequence pattern where the length of substring containing the subsequence is bounded. Given two sets of strings, consider an optimization problem to find a best episode pattern that is common to one set but not common in the other set. The problem is known to be NP-hard. We give a practical algorithm to solve it exactly.

We characterize the complexity of a number of basic optimization problems for unit disk graphs speciied hierarchically as in BOW83, LW87a, Le88, LW92]. Both PSPACE-hardness results and polynomial time approximations are presented for most of the problems considered. These problems include minimum vertex coloring, maximum independent set, minimum clique cover, minimum dominating set and minimum ...

The connection between integrality gaps and computational hardness of discrete optimization problems is an intriguing question. In recent years, this connection has prominently figured in several tight UGC-based hardness results. We show in this paper a direct way of turning integrality gaps into hardness results for several fundamental classification problems. Specifically, we convert linear p...

Laser flexible shock micro-bulging (LFSB) is a novel micro fabrication technology, which combines laser dynamic forming and flexible die forming, which is a type of high strain rate micro-forming. The LFSB of 304 stainless steel foils was investigated in this paper. Experimental and simulated results indicated that the bulging depth and thickness thinning rate of bulging parts increased with an...

X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and microhardness testing have been used to study properties which develop in micro-cut AISI 1045 steel. The influence of the ploughing effect on residual stresses, surface deformation and work hardening, and the tool quality were investigated. Tensile residual stresses, caused by the heat generated in the material during the cutting process, were observed ...

The paper presents results of a study, in which an incomplete correlation between the mineral bone tissue density and patient susceptibility to bone fractures was confirmed. A simple model describing distribution of internal forces present in the microstructure of trabecular bone is proposed. The purpose of this model is to demonstrate that parameters of mechanical strength depend not only on t...

For the microelectronics manufacturing industries that have uncertain demand, high volume cost and Oligarchs characteristics, we often discuss the possibility of competitors on the capacity of strategy. First of all we use the industry data to analysis the manufacturing cost, demand and the historical situation of the revenue and we also discuss the influence about the uncertain demand and high...