This paper reviews current concepts regarding the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in adults. Microalbuminuria (in diabetics) and proteinuria are early markers for potentially serious renal disease, and are associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Proteinuria also contributes to renal scarring, and acceler...

OBJECTIVE Proteinuria is the hallmark of diabetic nephropathy; yet, glomerular histology does not fully explain mechanisms contributing to proteinuria. Our objective was to identify proteins in the urine of individuals with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria that might implicate a mechanistic pathway operative in proteinuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a GeLC/MS platform proteomics a...

with a relative risk of approximately 2·3 for development of ischaemic heart disease. Importantly these data also indicate a temporal relationship between elevated albumin excretion rate and subsequent cardiovascular disease events which was not confounded by the presence of previous clinically apparent ischaemic heart disease or diabetes. Although the increase in urinary albumin excretion is c...

Microalbuminuria independently predicts the development of nephropathy and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients, but it may be an indicator of the acute phase response. This study examined microalbuminuria as a marker of the acute phase response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and correlated it with the disease activity in 95 patients with inflammato...

Microalbuminuria is a marker for diabetic nephropathy. It also signifies cardiovascular disease, as well as nephropathy, in type 2 diabetes (DM2). Microalbuminuria may precede DM2, occurring with the insulin resistance syndrome and its components, including obesity and hypertension. Other indicators of cardiovascular risk, such as markers of inflammation, are associated with microalbuminuria in...

Eighty-eight normotensive gravid women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation underwent urine evaluation for the presence of microalbuminuria and urinary calcium excretion (calcium/creatinine ratio). Preeclampsia subsequently developed in 83% of patients with a high level of microalbuminuria (greater than or equal to 11 micrograms/ml) and a low calcium/creatinine ratio (less than or equal to 0.04...

OBJECTIVE To describe pregnancy outcome in type 1 diabetic women with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, or diabetic nephropathy after implementation of an intensified antihypertensive therapeutic strategy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Prospective study of 117 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Antihypertensive therapy, mainly methyldopa, was given to obtain blood pressure <135/85 mmHg and ...

OBJECTIVE To assess current and long-term associations of glycemia with microalbuminuria, a marker of generalized endothelial injury. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured clinical characteristics, fasting plasma glucose, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in 1,311 men and 1,518 women attending the sixth examination cycle (1995-1998) of the Framingham Offspring Study. After ...