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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative characterized by motor issues and range of nonmotor symptoms. Microbial therapy may be useful approach for the treatment PD....

The microbial ecosystem of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by a great number of microbial species living in balance by adopting mutualistic strategies. The eubiosis/dysbiosis condition of the gut microbiota strongly influences our healthy and disease status. This review briefly describes microbiota composition and functions, to then focus on eubiosis and dysbiosis status: the two si...

*Corresponding author: Present address: CRC-ERID, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Kampus C, UNAIR, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia. E-mail: [email protected] **Endowed from The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Osaka, Japan to Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis., 65, 92-9...

BACKGROUND Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is used to induce murine colitis. Although the exact mechanism by which DSS administration causes disease is unknown, evidence suggests that the resident bacteria play a role in the development of murine DSS colitis, analogous to their role in human inflammatory bowel diseases. METHODS C57BL/6 mice received 5% DSS in the drinking water and were euthaniz...

Different factors increase risk of disease transmission in beauty salons and respect to its health conditions of barber, place and devices, as the major preventive factors, play an important role in the control of disease transmission. Hence the main purpose of this study was to evaluate effective factors on health and microbial conditions in Gonabad beauty salons in Iran. In a cross-sectional ...

Whether in an ocean reef, a landfill, or a gastrointestinal tract (GIT), invisible communities of highly active and adaptable microbes prosper. Over time, mammals have developed a symbiosis with microbes that are important inhabitants not only in the GIT, but also in the mouth, skin, and urogenital tract. In the GIT, the number of commensal microbes exceeds the total number of host cells by at ...

The human immune system consists of an intricate network of tightly controlled pathways, where proteases are essential instigators and executioners at multiple levels. Invading microbial pathogens also encode proteases that have evolved to manipulate and dysregulate host proteins, including host proteases during the course of disease. The identification of pathogen proteases as well as their su...