The genotoxicity of some environmental contaminants may affect human health directly by damaging genetic material and thus plays an important role in cancer development. Xenoestrogens are one kind of environmental pollutants that may alter hormonal routes or directly affect DNA. The number of available biomarkers used to assess genetic risk and cancer is very extensive. The present study evalua...

Background: We intend to study the inhibitory effect of sulfur compound in Ramsar hot spring mineral on tumor-genesis ability of high natural background radiation. Objective: The radioprotective effect of sulfur compounds was previously shown on radiation-induced chromosomal aberration, micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells and human peripheral lymphocyte. Ramsar is known for having the highe...

Two water soluble porphyrins: meso-tetra-4-N-methylpyridyl-porphyrin iodide (P1) and 5,10-di-(4-acetamidophenyl)-15,20-di-(4-N-methylpyridyl) porphyrin (P2) were synthesised and evaluated in respect to their photochemical and photophysical properties as well as biological activity. Cytotoxic and phototoxic effects were evaluated in human malignant melanoma Me45 line using clonogenic assay, cyto...

Pesticides are used in large amounts in agriculture and the evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to public and environmental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the genotoxic potential of a commercial formulation of the fungicide mancozeb by the micronucleus test in bone marrow and the comet assay in total blood of Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were tr...

Genomic instability is a condition that may be associated with carcinogenesis and/or physiological disorders when genetic lesions are not repaired. Besides, wild, captive, and domesticated vertebrates exposed to xenobiotics, leading health due cytogenotoxicity. This chapter provides an overview of tests assess cytogenotoxicity based on micronuclei (MNi) formation. Bone marrow test (BmMNt), peri...

In order to evaluate the applicability of the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay in routine mutagenicity testing we investigated with this method different chemicals having different mechanisms of action: non-mutagens, direct-acting basealtering mutagens, direct-acting cross-linking mutagens, clastogens including a radiomimeti...

The hydroxyurea, a cytotoxic drug, is the mainly available therapeutical strategy for the treatment of sickle cell disease. This study aimed to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic potential of the hydroxyurea through the Salmonella/Microsome assay and micronucleus test in peripheral blood of mice. The doses were evaluated at 29.25-468 μmol/plate in Salmonella/Microsome assay in presence and ab...

Arbutin is found in the dried leaves of a number of different plant species including bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi). The leaves and leaf extracts from uva ursi are used in non-prescription medicinal products mainly to treat urinary tract infection, cystitis, kidney stones, and as a diuretic. The active component, arbutin, is converted to hydroquinone (HQ) which has antimicrobial, astringe...

The objective of the current study was to investigate the ability of orthovanadate to induce aneuploidy in mouse sperm and micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells at the same dose levels. The BrdU-incorporation assay was performed to test if the chemical treatment altered the duration of the meiotic divisions. It was found that orthovanadate (25mg/kg bw) treatment did not cause meiotic delay. To...

Clerodendrum viscosum is a traditionally used medicinal plant. The present study aimed to analyze detailed cytotoxic effect of the non-polar petroleum ether fraction (AQPEF) leaf aqueous extract C. Vent. (LAECV) in Allium cepa root tip cells. LAECV was fractionated with and tested for A. toxicity. Micronuclei, polyploidy, mitotic abnormalities were analyzed after AQPEF treatment. induced concen...