Xylitol production from sago trunk cortex hydrolysate using Candida tropicalis was evaluated in shake flasks and a bioreactor. The fermentation and kinetic behaviours of this microorganism were investigated using sago trunk cortex hydrolysate and commercial xylose as substrate. Results obtained for sago trunk hydrolysate were close to the commercial xylose with xylitol yield of 0.82 gg -1 and p...

Hydrogen-producing thermophilic cellulolytic microorganisms were isolated from cow faeces. Rates of cellulose hydrolysis and hydrogen formation were 0.2 mM L(-1) h(-1) and 1 mM L(-1) h(-1), respectively. An enzymatic fuel cell (EFC) with a hydrogenase anode was used to oxidise hydrogen produced in a microbial bioreactor. The hydrogenase electrode was exposed for 38 days (912 h) to a thermophili...

Using a mixed culture of microorganisms, the carboxylate platform converts biomass into hydrocarbons and chemicals. To develop a method that identifies the highest performing inoculum for carboxylate fermentations, five bacterial communities were screened and ranked by three fermentation performance tests: (1) 30-day batch screen, (2) 28-day continuum particle distribution model (CPDM), and (3)...

deposited at Japan Collection of Microorganisms and the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka under accession number 10268T and 16408T, respectively. Detailed taxonomic study of the strain K95-55611 will be reported elsewhere3). A stock culture of the producing organism was inoculated into two 500-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100ml of culturing medium. The flasks were incubated at 27°C for 72 ho...

In the course of screening microorganisms isolated fromthe marineenvironment,fermentation samplesof culture LL-141352 were found to exhibit activity in the Biochemical Induction Assay (BIA), which detects agents that directly or indirectly initiate DNAdamage1}. This culture was originally isolated from an orange tunicate collected from the Pacific Ocean in proximity to Fiji and was subsequently...

The anti-inflammatory effects of anthocyanins (ACNs) on vascular functions are discussed controversially because of their low bioavailability. This study was performed to determine whether microorganism (MO)-fermented ACNs influence vascular inflammation in vitro. Therefore, MO growth media were supplemented with an ACN-rich grape/berry extract and growth responses of Escherichia coli, E. faeca...

Specific cellulose hydrolysis rates (g of cellulose/g of cellulase per h) were shown to be substantially higher (2.7- to 4.7-fold) for growing cultures of Clostridium thermocellum as compared with purified cellulase preparations from this organism in controlled experiments involving both batch and continuous cultures. This "enzyme-microbe synergy" requires the presence of metabolically active c...

Microbial media has undergone several changes since its inception but some key challenges remain. In recent years, there has been exploration of several alternative nutrient sources, both to cater to the specificity in requirement of growth of "fussy microorganisms" and also to reduce costs for large-scale fermentation that is required for biotechnology. Our mini-review explores these developme...

During the anaerobic digestion of dewatered sludge, polyacrylamide (PAM), a chemical conditioner, can usually be consumed as a carbon and nitrogen source along with other organic matter (e.g., proteins and carbohydrates in the sludge). However, a significant accumulation of acrylamide monomers (AMs) was observed during the PAM biodegradation process. To improve the anaerobic hydrolysis of PAM, ...

Diverse types of microbial surface active amphiphilic molecules are produced by a range of microbial communities. The extraordinary properties of biosurfactant/bioemulsifier (BS/BE) as surface active products allows them to have key roles in various field of applications such as bioremediation, biodegradation, enhanced oil recovery, pharmaceutics, food processing among many others. This leads t...