background: myocardial infarction is a fatal symbol of cardiovascular diseases, which usually occurs in people over 45 years. however, the incidence of factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and metabolic syndrome has increased the risk of developing early cardiovascular diseases in the middle-aged people. this study was conducted to compare the clinical manifestation of myocard...

HIV infection has been historically considered a disease of young adults; however, adults aged 50 years and older represent now an increasing proportion of HIV cases worldwide, including in Portugal. In this context, given the considerable burden associated with living with HIV, the topic of quality-of-life (QoL) assessment has become increasingly relevant. The aims of this study were to examin...

This exploratory article examines several aspects of the complex problem of combining data on income and wealth into a single measure of economic well-being. Examples of income-wealth measures that have been used are described. Estimates of the economic well-being of age groups in the current period are presented for several measures. To examine the sensitivity of the results to the choice of m...

Previous research has demonstrated stability of cognitive ability and marked heritability during adulthood, but questions remain about the extent to which genetic factors account for this stability. We conducted a 35-year longitudinal assessment of general cognitive ability using the Armed Forces Qualification Test administered to 7,232 male twins in early adulthood and readministered to a subs...

BACKGROUND   Many cohort studies have been carried out that have provided information on the relationship between diet and health-related outcomes. Omission of important covariates during multivariate analysis may give rise to error due to residual confounding. A possibly important covariate is socioeconomic status (SES) as this is related to both diet and health. OBJECTIVE To determine the f...

BACKGROUND Muscle co-activation plays an important role in enhancing joint stability for movement regulation during motor learning activities. In normal aging, greater muscle co-activation is induced during gait in elderly adults. This study investigated age-related changes in muscle co-activation and spatio-temporal parameters during gait and identified the relationship between muscle co-activ...

F decades medieval historians have placed population at the centre of their concerns, but it is only in recent years that their studies have begun to constitute a respectable branch of historical demography. From the scrutiny of oblique records which provide indications of such matters as settlement, the size of landholdings, land values, prices and wages, attention has increasingly turned towa...

BACKGROUND Based on the knowledge on beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on health and fitness, we hypothesized that PA in adolescence is related to high education and socio-economic position (SEP) in adulthood. Improved school performance may mediate the hypothesized relationship. METHODS The Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Surveys (AHLS), collected biennially in 1981-89 (baseline) ...