BACKGROUND Setting Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals for health has largely focused on defining specific targets of mortality and morbidity reduction over given time periods. Yet, less attention has been devoted to setting targets for the systemic determinants of health delivery, such as access and financial risk protection (FRP)-prevention of medical impoverishment...

The present study concentrates on the income distribution effects of A Finnish Work Incentive Trap Reform started in 1996. I estimate how the reforms made have affected income levels and income inequality the distribution of economic wellbeing. I look at the effects both without and with behavioral response. The data used is the Income Distribution Statistics of Statistics Finland from the year...

An assessment is made of the distributive effects of state subsidies to undergraduate education in public universities and community colleges in Illinois during 1989. The main finding is that the existing system of public subsidy to undergraduate education favors lower-income and middle-income groups. Public subsidies lead to redistribution of income from higher-income to lower-income and middl...

BACKGROUND Since the site of human subjects research has public health, regulatory, ethical, economic, and social implications, we sought to determine the global distribution and migration of clinical research using an open-access trial registry. METHODS We obtained individual clinical trial data including location of trial sites, dates of operation, funding source (United States government, ...

Introduction In 2010, the Global Vaccine Action Plan called on all countries to reach and sustain 90% national coverage and 80% coverage in all districts for the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) by 2015 and for all vaccines in national immunization schedules by 2020. The aims of this study are to analyze recent trends in national vaccination coverage in the World Health...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is fast becoming a major public health issue, disproportionately burdening low-income to middle-income countries, where detection rates remain low. We critically assessed the extant literature on CKD screening in low-income to middle-income countries. We performed a PubMed search, up to September 2016, for studies on CKD screening in low-income to middle-income coun...

Middle-income countries are currently undergoing massive structural changes towards more industrialized economies. In this paper, we carefully examine the impact of these transformations on the environmental quality of middle-income countries. Specifically, we examine the role of sector value addition to GDP on CO2 emission nexus for middle-income economies controlling for the effects of popula...

This paper presents, within a framework of the Solow model, evidence that there should be two different reasons for convergence. One is due to diminishing returns to capital and the other is due to technological diffusion. This paper shows that OECD and low income countries follow a pattern of conditional convergence but middle income countries do not. This seems to imply that technological dif...

<p class="02abstracttext">Indonesia has managed to get out of the low-income zone and into middle-income zone. However, Indonesia still a challenge that is trap These challenges must be resolved by improving performance BUMN. Port Center Terminal one BUMN subsidiary companies precisely II (Persero). The purpose study was determine differences in indicators before after IPO profitability r...