The transmission potential of a novel infection depends on both the inherent transmissibility of a pathogen, and the level of susceptibility in the host population. However, distinguishing between these pathogen- and population-specific properties typically requires detailed serological studies, which are rarely available in the early stages of an outbreak. Using a simple transmission model tha...

This study presents a detailed description of the distribution, diameters and drainage patterns of hepatic veins on the basis of the corrosion cast analysis in 18 dogs. We classified the hepatic veins in three main groups: the right hepatic veins of the caudate process and right lateral liver lobe, the middle hepatic veins of the right medial and quadrate lobes and the left hepatic veins of bot...

Ceramic vessels are used in a first step for comparing how workingand middle-class women constructed domesticity in 19th-century New York City. In addition to exploring some of the interpretive problems encountered in studying workingclass families who lived in tenements, the analysis indicates that the women of the working class apparently did not emulate middle-class women when it came to cho...

New towns built in North Africa and the Middle East incorporate modern elements into their built environments unprecedented in the traditional city of the region. This thesis addresses the questions: Do these new built environments respond to the prevalent culture? What modern and traditional design qualities enable new towns to maintain cultural integrity? The new towns Sadat City, Egypt and Y...

historical sources of early islamic centuries have been introduced “kelaar” as an flourishing city in the mountainous area between tabarestan and deilam which nowadays is known as “kelardasht” in mazandaran. in the middle of 3rd century, this city appeared as the political center of tabarestan uprising against taherian dynasty under hassan ibn zaid-e alavi leadership. despite of its importance ...

In systems of centralized water supply, the givining-distribution complex (GDC) has highest cost, including pumping stations, pipes and supply networks: main, street, intra-quarter. The economic efficiency operation this directly depends on technical condition facilities equipment. But over time, characteristics both units pipelines deteriorate due to wear. Therefore, it is necessary periodical...