INTRODUCTION Stone characterization is becoming important before decision of treatment such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Some studies have reported that the twinkling artifact (color-flow ultrasonography artifact) may be useful to detect urinary stones. This study aims to determine whether the presence or absence of the twinkling artif...

Recent evidence suggests that late auditory evoked potentials (LAEP) provide a useful objective metric of performance in cochlear implant (CI) subjects. However, the CI produces a large electrical artifact that contaminates LAEP recordings and confounds their interpretation. Independent component analysis (ICA) has been used in combination with multi-channel recordings to effectively remove the...

In the course of routine fast spin echo (FSE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of knees, we have noticed a distinct and recurrent artifact on MR sagittal knee images. The artifact usually appears as a focal dot of high signal intensity and/or c-shaped ripples at a non-orthogonal angle (Figure 1). The technical features of this artifact have been previously described in an ISMRM abstract in 1995,...

Creativity studies focus on the processes that produce creative artifacts and how we evaluate an artifact to determine if it is creative. This paper focuses on the essential criteria in evaluating if a potentially creative artifact is creative. Evaluating creativity is still largely subjective and not well supported with computational tools. An evaluation metric is presented as a way of measuri...

Many business process analysis models have been proposed, however there are few discussions for artifact usages in workflow specifications. A well-structured business process with sufficient resources might fail or yield unexpected results dynamically due to inaccurate artifact specification, e.g. an inconsistency between artifact and control flow, or contradictions between artifact operations....

This paper presents our artifact meta-models designed for facilitating artifact selection and composable simulation. In particular, meta-models incorporate function and form attributes to explicitly describe external characteristics and inter-connection requirements of artifacts. In addition, artifact meta-models are associated with behavior models, so that a user can choose artifacts with desi...

Statements on artifact mutability are considered a core component of design theories, but the understanding of this phenomenon is fragmented and limited. To mitigate this issue, we build a framework of artifact mutability that is structured into six generic dimensions: paradigmatic perspective, intentionality, drivers, scope, temporality, and artifact layers. We review existing design theories ...

In this paper, we propose a new concept for intelligence called Artifact Intelligence that can be another approach to realize intelligent robots. Artifact intelligence means intelligence for artifacts that fits its embodiment, i.e., structures and functions of artifacts. Artifact intelligence differs from natural intelligence in terms of intentionality and automated objects in autonomy. In orde...

We present a conceptual model of design science research artifacts. The model views an artifact at three levels. At the artifact level a selected artifact is viewed as a combination of material and immaterial aspects and a set of representations hereof. At the design level the selected artifact is viewed through its design in terms of descriptions, models, prototypes etc. At the knowledge level...