Globally, 15.5 million km(2) of land are currently identified as protected areas, which provide society with many ecosystem services including climate-change mitigation. Combining a global database of protected areas, a reconstruction of global land-use history, and a global biogeochemistry model, we estimate that protected areas currently sequester 0.5 Pg C annually, which is about one fifth o...

The Denial of Service Testing Framework (dosTF) being developed as part of the joint India-Australia research project for ‘Protecting Critical Infrastructure from Denial of Service Attacks’ allows for the construction, monitoring and management of emulated Distributed Denial of Service attacks using modest hardware resources. The purpose of the testbed is to study the effectiveness of different...

Understanding cities comprehensively as systems is a costly challenge and is typically not feasible for policy makers. Nevertheless, focusing on some key systemic characteristics of cities can give useful insights for policy to advance health and well-being outcomes. Moreover, if we take a coevolutionary systems view of cities, some conventional assumptions about the nature of urban development...

Recently, Direct Position Estimation (DPE) has arisen as a potential approach to deal with the positioning problem in Global Navigation Satellite System receivers. The conventional navigation solution is obtained in two steps: synchronization parameters are estimated and then a trilateration procedure is in charge of computing user’s position, based on those parameters. In contrast, DPE estimat...

Limited information is available on the perceptions of stakeholders concerning the health co-benefits of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of urban residents on the health co-benefits involving GHG abatement and related influencing factors in three cities in China. Beijing, Ningbo and Guangzhou were selected for this survey. P...

There are many applications which require continuous positioning in combined outdoor urban and indoor environments. For a long time GNSS has been used in outdoor environments while indoor positioning is still a challenging task. One of the major degradations that GNSS receivers experience indoors is the presence of multipath. The current paper analyzes several available multipath mitigation tec...

Green roofs (with plant cover) are gaining attention in the United States as a versatile new environmental mitigation technology. Interest in data on the environmental performance of these systems is growing, particularly with respect to urban heat island mitigation and stormwater runoff control. We are deploying research stations on a diverse array of green roofs within the New York City area,...

Power sector is responsible for about 40% of the total CO₂ emissions in the world and plays a leading role in climate change mitigation. In this study, measures that lower CO₂ emissions from the supply side, demand side, and power grid are discussed, based on which, an integrated optimization model of CO₂ mitigation (IOCM) is proposed. Virtual energy, referring to energy saving capacity in both...

In recent years, the debate about climate change and the competitiveness of multinational corporations (MNCs) has increased. Decision-makers in MNCs often face ambiguities on how their business competitiveness could be impacted by their actions to mitigate climate change. By combining knowledge from the field of climatology with the management literature, this study suggests that climate change...

Significant voltage levels can be induced in the gas pipelines due to power transmission lines in the areas where they share the same corridor, especially during a fault. These voltages can affect the operating personnel, pipeline associated equipment, cathodic protection and the pipeline itself. Quite often, mitigation is required to reduce these induced voltages to levels that are safe for pe...