This paper deals with metal matrix composites (MMCs) of Al 7075 alloy containing different weight percentage (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10) basalt short fiber reinforcement and unreinforced matrix alloy. The samples were produced by the permanent stir casting technique. The casting ingots were cut into blanks to be forged in single stage and double stage, using MN press and graphite-based lubricant. The...

The burden of death and disease from tobacco use in the United States has been caused overwhelmingly by cigarettes and other smoked tobacco products. In the United States, cigarette consumption declined during 2000-2011; however, consumption of cigars more than doubled during the same period. The cigar market includes diverse product types manufactured with a variety of shapes and sizes, filter...

The second-harmonic injection strategy for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) can effectively suppress the capacitor voltage fluctuation in steady states. However, under grid-side single-line-to-ground (SLG) faults will be more severe. Moreover, there is no research on mitigation of SLG hybrid MMC with mixed half-bridge and full-bridge sub-modules. To address this issue MMCs, an optimal curre...

Developing pole-to-ground (PG) fault models for modular multilevel converters (MMCs) is not straightforward due to the asymmetry and converter switching concerning blocking characteristics. Various studies have been carried out regarding transient simulation of PG faults. However, there a lack analytical first stage fault. Therefore, this work proposes an approximated model faults in half-bridg...

The unique advantages of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have led to wide adoption the converter topology in high voltage dc (HVDC) transmission systems, with great potential for use medium motor drive and grid applications. Inspired by structure MMC, many extended topologies been developed literature. These include, addition conventional parallel multiphase connection, a variety series-co...

Development of aluminium composites by stircasting technique is an effective method for fabrication better quality MMCs. Stircasting one the most commonly accepted techniques. In this research work, Al6061 / TiB2+CeO2 hybrid MMCs have been fabricated with varying wt. % TiB2 (2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) particulates constant 5% CeO2 particulates. The monolithic alloy composite were hot-rolled at a t...

In recent years, modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have been increasingly used in the field of electric vehicle charging and discharging due to their unique performance advantages. However, cascade structure MMCs raises problem circulating current. Due chemical processes, aging effects, etc., capacitance parameters upper lower bridge arms will be asymmetric, which introduce odd harmonics int...