Rigorous application of a simple definition of what constitutes opposition to agricultural biotechnology readily encompasses a wide array of key players in national and international systems of food production, distribution and governance. Even though the sum of political and financial benefits of opposing agricultural biotechnology appears vastly to outweigh the benefits which accrue to provid...

The Uto-Aztecan language family is one of the largest families in Americas. However, there has been considerable debate about its origin and how it spread. Here we use Bayesian phylogenetic methods to analyze lexical data from thirty-four varieties two Kiowa-Tanoan languages. We infer age Proto-Uto-Aztecan be around 4,100 years (3,258–5,025 years) identify most likely homeland near what now Sou...

Three engraved limestone plaquettes from the recently excavated Epipaleolithic open-air site Ein Qashish South in the Jezreel Valley, Israel comprise unique evidence for symbolic behavior of Late Pleistocene foragers in the Levant. The engravings, uncovered in Kebaran and Geometric Kebaran deposits (ca. 23ka and ca. 16.5ka BP), include the image of a bird-the first figurative representation kno...

ultrasoundelastographyisanon-invasivemethodwhichimagestheelasticityofsoft-tissues. tomakeanimage, preandafterasmallcompression, ultrasoundradio frequency(rf)signalsareacquiredandthetimedelaysbetweenthemareestimated. thefirstdifferentiationofdisplacementestimationsiscalledelastogram. inthisstudy, wearegoingtomakeanelastogramusingtheprocessingmethodnamed empirical mode decomposition (emd). emdisa...

For centuries indigenous peoples have been identified with subsistence economies, meaning that productive activities were mainly intended to satisfy local needs. Even when other pursuits such as production for the market, trading and migrant wage or contract labor was present, hunting, gathering and cultivation for subsistence would ensure the survival of local territorial units, be they famili...

We extend the Brander-Taylor model of population and resource development in an isolated society by adding a resource subsistence requirement to people’s preferences. This improves plausibility; amplifies population overshoot and collapse, and makes the steady state less stable; and allows for complete cessation of non-harvesting activities, in line with archaeological evidence for many societi...