This essay argues that work, and the socioeconomic class polarities it creates, plays a fundamental role in determining inequalities in the distribution of morbidity and mortality. This is by means of uneven exposure to physical hazards and psychosocial risks in the workplace, as well as by inequalities in exclusion from the labour market and the absence of paid work. Furthermore, this essay sh...

Previous approaches for automated essay scoring (AES) learn a rating model by minimizing either the classification, regression, or pairwise classification loss, depending on the learning algorithm used. In this paper, we argue that the current AES systems can be further improved by taking into account the agreement between human and machine raters. To this end, we propose a rankbased approach t...

In the US in particular, there is an increasing emphasis on the importance of science in education. To better understand a scientific topic, students need to compile information from multiple sources and determine the principal causal factors involved. We describe an approach for automatically inferring the quality and completeness of causal reasoning in essays on two separate scientific topics...

In Malaysian universities, writing in English is taught several settings: for general purposes, academic purposes and specific purposes. Writing these settings allows learners to learn write different genres, such as research, reports, persuasive genres. One of the standard genres because it used convince readers what researched or reported. To be competent persuading arguing, using appropriate...

A mathematical model describing the dynamics  of a  delayed  stage structure prey - predator  system  with  prey  refuge  is  considered.  The  existence,  uniqueness  and bounded- ness  of  the  solution  are  discussed.    All  the  feasibl e  equilibrium  points  are determined.  The   stability  analysis  of  them  are  investigated.  By  employ ing  the time delay as the bifurcation parame...

In Germany, and particu larly in Berlin , the fall of the Wall in 1989 and the years follow ing reuni® cation were accompanied by a large in ̄ ux of immigrants. These `new’ m igrants in Berlin are added to the long-resid ent guestworker population in the western part of the city. This paper investigat es the housing situation of the increasin g population of foreign ers before and after uni® cat...

Richard Wright’s introductory essay to his collection of short stories Uncle Tom's Children describes hidden forms of resistance against Jim Crowism and Uncle Tomism. The essay entitled The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch relates Wright’s daily confrontations with Jim Crowism with a particular emphasis on his evasive actions, and his covert activities, such as silence, pla...