The emergence of leeches in modern medicine proves that they can be a useful treatment for many conditions. Bloodletting was practiced for millennia, with leeches being used for this purpose since the Stone Age. Leeches were misused until the discovery of germs. Leeches are now used in microsurgery to aid circulation. They have also been used in pain management for osteoarthritis. The chemicals...

results modern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including allium sativum, artemisia absinthium, citrullus colocynthis, laurus nobilis, mentha pulegium, myrtus communis, nerium oleander, ocimum basilicum, and origanum majorana. however, in the cases of plants like iris florentina and malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern ...

Traditional Medicine is very culture based. Every ethnic group has had its traditional medicine based on its indigenous knowledge base. Most traditional medicine systems utilize herbs (plants) as the main source of their therapeutic substances, although minerals and animal products are also utilized. traditional knowledge has often played a role in the development of modern science. Greater eff...

The theory of Ayurveda rests on the concepts of matter, vital principle, mind, and pure consciousness. It is a holistic theory of medicine, which aims at restoration of physical and mental health, and spiritual well-being in a sick person, so that he may self-actualize himself, and eventually, realize his nature as pure consciousness. Modern Western medicine tries to reduce consciousness, and v...

Otutstaniding among the manly fine clhapters is that by Henderson et al. entitle(l "The Adrenal Cortex and OsmoreguLlation in Teleosts." This clhapter does not intro(dtuce new concepts; it stummarizes the relevant (lata on a(lreiocortical hormones in teleosts and(the effects of these steroid lhormones on composition and distribution of body fluiids, renal fuinction, branchial and gastrointestin...

MOTIVATION Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining increasing attention with the emergence of integrative medicine and personalized medicine, characterized by pattern differentiation on individual variance and treatments based on natural herbal synergism. Investigating the effectiveness and safety of the potential mechanisms of TCM and the combination principles of drug therapies will bri...

The worldwide emergence of nanoscale science and engineering was marked by the announcement of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in January 2000. Recent research on biosystems at the nanoscale has created one of the most dynamic science and technology domains at the confluence of physical sciences, molecular engineering, biology, biotechnology and medicine. This domain includes bette...

1 Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 2 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 3 Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, 4 Institute of Health Policy Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, 5 Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences in Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, 6...

incorporates the experience of 29 workers in the field of mental health. It covers all aspects of prevention and treatment and lays welcome stress on the frontiers common to sociology, genetics and education. All schools of thought are represented. There are contributions from the right and left wings of the field. Nature and nurture is dealt with. Children, adolescents and adults are comprehen...