when thinking about traditional iranian architecture, one imagines extensive ornamental patterns that adorn almost every surface of mosques and other prominent buildings. yet, many theories of architecture since the beginning of twentieth century have considered ornamentation a superficial and superfluous layer. but, are these ornamental surfaces superficial and can they be removed so easily? t...

The Church and Christianity have maintained throughout history in a dichotomous relation to various eras such as pre-modernism, postmodernism, modernism, philosophical movements. Science influenced each period the extent of impacting interpretation comprehension Bible. Similarly, has not been immune influences from western globe. purpose this research is explore current challenges affecting man...

extended abstract introduction school of modernism started between 1920 until 1930 in both sides of atlantic ocean. however, one can see its signs in the first movements in planning about the garden city ideas. the idea of modernism happened at the same time in architecture and this paradigm was dominant until late 1960. in twentieth century, the limitations of natural resources were understoo...

The early years of the 20th century is a period deep intellectual reappraisal as well social and change. modern painters’ experiments have come right to forefront artistic attention. Modernism was point when idea radical innovating arts, experimental, technical, aesthetic reached formal crisis, leading abstract art. predicates origins post-war art Post-Modernism adds abundance versions Modernis...

Postmodernism, which has not been fully agreed on in its definition and boundaries, become an art movement that is increasingly utilized Turkish novels after 1980 due to some editing techniques, perspective, language expression possibilities it offers writers. Elements such as metafiction, intertextuality, deconstruction, irony, play, fantasy, simulation, pluralism, are frequently seen the work...

This paper aims at shedding light on the concept of postmodernism, and its implications in the TESOL. Postmodern philosophy as a prevalent concept and a hot buzzword in philosophy, science, and art is believed to have influenced the TESOL theoretically in some ways. The elements of postmodernism including: constructivism, subjectivism, relativism, localism, and pragmatism are found to have been...

Using a comparative analysis approach, this article examines the development, characteristics and issues concerning the discourse of modern Asian art in the twentieth century, with the aim of bringing into picture the place of Asia in the history of modernism. The wide recognition of the Western modernist canon as centre and universal displaces the contribution and significance of the non-Weste...