In this paper we provide an analysis of credit risk management and the use of credit scoring among European MFIs. With this aim, we designed and sent a survey to the full set of known MFIs operating in Eastern and Western Europe. 58 MFIs completed the survey. We observe that the European microfinance industry has already dedicated substantial effort to risk management, noting that more than hal...

BACKGROUND Use of Botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) for treatment of upper limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy has become routine clinical practice in many paediatric treatment centres worldwide. There is now high-level evidence that upper limb BoNT-A injection, in combination with occupational therapy, improves outcomes in children with cerebral palsy at both the body function/structure a...

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OBJECTIVE To classify and evaluate outcome measures currently used in robot-assisted exercise trials (RAET) in stroke, and to determine selection criteria for outcome measures in future trials. METHODS Outcome measures used in RAET were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and PsychINFO databases. The scale items were categorized into International Classification of Functioning Dis...

P oststroke spasticity (PSS) is a common complication associated with other signs and symptoms of the upper motor neuron syndrome, including agonist/antagonist co-contraction, weakness, and lack of coordination. Together, they result in impairments and functional problems that can predispose to costly complications. The goal of PSS management should take into consideration not only reduction of...

This study is a comparative analysis and meta-analysis of three randomized clinical trials. Children with spastic diplegia received either 'selective' dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) plus physiotherapy (SDR+PT) or PT without SDR (PT-only). Common outcome measures were used for spasticity (Ashworth scale) and function (Gross Motor Function Measure [GMFM]). Baseline and 9- to 12-month outcome data were po...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate long term change in impairment, disability, and health related functional status in patients with severe spasticity who received intrathecal baclofen. METHODS A long term (more than five years) observational longitudinal follow up study assessing 21 patients who received intrathecal baclofen given by programmable pump. Patients had chronic disabling spasticity which did...

Introduction Up to 80% of post-stroke patients present upper-limb motor impairment (ULMI), causing functional limitations in daily activities and loss independence. UMLI is seldom fully recovered after stroke when using conventional therapeutic approaches. Functional Electrical Stimulation Therapy (FEST) controlled by Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) an alternative that may induce neuroplastic ch...

Abstract Background Adaptive seating is commonly used as an intervention method to enhance postural control. The aim of this study investigate the effect using therapy ball a seat alternative typical chair on grasping and visual motor integration in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. For aim, thirty palsy from both sexes were included study. ages ranged 3 6 years old. degree spasticity w...

Background: Mirror therapy is one of the cognitive-induced interventions based on mirror neurons neurologic grounds. Aim: to evaluate effect upper extremity functional and motor skills among chronic stroke patients. Design: a quasi-experimental design (pre/post-test). Setting: The study was conducted at Egypt Health care Authority, Port Said hospitals ICU departments. Subjects: All patients (50...