BACKGROUND Individual patient information from clinical trials is infrequently available, but can provide insights for clinical trials and practice. METHODS We analysed individual patient information from five randomized trials (913 patients) of i.v. patient-controlled analgesia (IVPCA) plus epidural placebo, morphine sulphate (MS) 5 mg, or extended-release epidural morphine (EREM; DepoDur) a...

Case presentation:1 atient was a 33-year-old woman underwent her first time cesarean section combined with spinal epidural anesthesia 5 days before and discharged the day after with good condition. She got severe headache with pain score about 8-9, 2 days after discharge from hospital. Her headache was severe, bilateral, pulsatile and almost likely sudden onset accompanied with nausea that mild...

Opiates, chiefly morphine, are commonly known as the best drugs for relief of pain, but due to development of tolerance and the physical or mental dependency the use of these drugs are restricted. Several neuroendocrine complications including diabetes change the antinociception of morphine and the development of tolerance and dependency to this drug. The withdrawal signs in diabetic rats signi...

The effect of hypericin on the expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was investigated and compared with the effect of the synthetic antidepressants. The CPP paradigms took place over six days using an unbiased procedure. The results demonstrate that intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of morphine sulfate (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/Kg) significantly induce the CPP in rat. Intra-pe...

Previous research has shown that injection of morphine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) facilitates the onset of maternal behavior in virgin female rats, and injection of the opioid antagonist naltrexone into the VTA disrupts the onset of maternal behavior in parturient rats. Placentophagia -- ingestion of placenta and amniotic fluid, usually at parturition -- modifies central opioid proce...

Once-daily extended-release (ER) morphine sulfate (Avinza, Ligand) proved superior to twice-a-day, controlled-release oxycodone HCl (OxyContin, Purdue Pharma) for chronic, moderate-to-severe low back pain in patients naive to sustained-release opioids. Researchers enrolled 392 individuals into an open-label, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study. The patients underwent titration of thei...

AIMS To evaluate the ability of electronic patient medication record (ePMR) systems used in community pharmacies in England to detect and alert users about clinical hazards, errors and other safety problems. METHODS Between September 2012 and November 2012, direct on-site observational data about the performance of ePMR systems were collected from nine sites. Twenty-eight scenarios were devel...

The pain experienced by cancer patients can be managed in 70-90% of cases by the World Health Organisation protocol for cancer pain. However, cancer pain treatment in Japan is not sufficiently effective. To use medicine safely and effectively, various problems must be solved. Therefore, in this study, appropriate usage of cancer pain treatment was examined. We were able to use acetaminophen sup...

BACKGROUND Injectable opioids are an interesting option for people who inject drugs (PWID) that do not respond to oral Opioid Maintenance Treatment (OMT). To date, intravenous (IV) buprenorphine - a safer drug than full-opioid agonists in terms of overdose risk - has never been tested in a clinical trial on opioid dependence. We designed a survey to better understand the profile of PWID eligibl...

We compared four treatment protocols in 57 patients with presumed pre-hospital pulmonary edema. Group A patients were treated with nitroglycerin and furosemide, group B patients with morphine sulfate and furosemide, group C with all three agents, and group D with nitroglycerin and morphine, but without furosemide. Twenty-three percent of our patients were ultimately found not to have pulmonary ...