Hierarchical a posteriori error estimators are introduced and analyzed for mortar nite element methods. A weak continuity condition at the interfaces is enforced by means of Lagrange multipliers. The two proposed error estimators are based on a defect correction in higher order nite element spaces and an adequate hierarchical two-level splitting. The rst provides upper and lower bounds for the ...

Several a posteriori error estimators for mortar mixed finite element discretizations of elliptic equations are derived. A residual-based estimator provides optimal upper and lower bounds for the pressure error. An efficient and reliable estimator for the velocity and mortar pressure error is also derived, which is based on solving local (element) problems in a higher-order space. The interface...

ABSTRACT: Many traditional brick-and-mortar businesses supplement their physical outlets with e-commerce capabilities on the Web, but there has been lit tle empirical research on the underlying dynamics of the “click-and-mortar” business approach. This paper develops a conceptual framework that highlights the four types of synergies obtained by integrating e-commerce with physical infrastructur...

The design of repair mortars started from the characterization of the original mortar samples preserved in small areas in the floors of the Dungeon Tower, Bač Fortress. Two materials (waste brick and clay material) were investigated in order to select the pozzolanic material which later was a component of the repair mortar. Based on the compatibility test of the examined old mortars and of the ...

Mortars containing carbon, polyethylene, and stainless steel fibers at the same volume fraction and with similar fiber diameters were compared in terms of tensile, compressive, and flexural properties. Carbon fibers, though having the lowest tensile modulus, stren[?th, and elongation at break among the fiber types, [?ave mortar of the highest tensile strenf?th and lowest cost; polyethylene fibe...

Cellulose ethers are polymers frequently introduced into mortar formulations in order to improve water retention capacity and workability of the freshly mixed materials. Cellulose derivatives can induce excellent water retention thanks to the possible superposition of two phenomena. Mortar rheology can impact water retention, increasing media viscosity. Other specific effects provided by cellul...

This paper firstly described the dam break in the aspects of theories and models. Break parameters prediction, the understanding of dam break mechanics, peak outflow prediction were shown as the essential for the dam break analysis, and eventually determined the loss of the damages. Secondly, as an application example, Foster Joseph Sayers Dam break was further modeled and analyzed using USACE ...

BACKGROUND Decision-analytic modelling (DAM) has become a widespread method in health technology assessments (HTA), but the extent to which modelling is used differs among international HTA institutions. In Germany, the use of DAM is optional within HTAs of the German Institute of Medical Documentation and Information (DIMDI). Our study examines the use of DAM in DIMDI HTA reports and its effec...

DNA adenine methylase (Dam(-)) mutants of Salmonella enterica are attenuated in the mouse model and present multiple virulence-related defects. Impaired interaction of Salmonella Dam(-) mutants with the intestinal epithelium has been tentatively correlated with reduced secretion of pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) effectors. In this study, we show that S. enterica Dam(-) mutants contain lowered l...