Molecular motors do not work in isolation in-vivo. We highlight some of the coordinations, cooperations and competitions that determine the collective properties of molecular motors in eukaryotic cells. In the context of traffic-like movement of motors on a track, we emphasize the importance of single-motor bio-chemical cycle and enzymatic activity on their collective spatio-temporal organisati...

Three-phase induction motors are widely used in electric traction systems. Impacts of the traction vehicle equipped by three-phase induction motors on power quality are much different from the impacts of vehicles with DC traction motors. In this paper, the effects of the traction vehicle operation with threephase induction motors on power quality in 110 kV transmission network are investigated....

Kinesin motor proteins are thought to move exclusively in either one or the other direction along microtubules. Proteins of the kinesin-5 family are tetrameric microtubule cross-linking motors important for cell division and differentiation in various organisms. Kinesin-5 motors are considered to be plus-end-directed. However, here we found that purified kinesin-5 Cin8 from budding yeast could ...

Induction motors have become the most used electrical motors in the world. They are rugged, easy to maintain, low in cost and good in performance. Those benefits have made induction motors very popular among users. During their exploitation period induction motors are exposed to various stresses that can become fatal to their performance and bring with them huge economic losses and safety risks...

L eukocytes are more likely to grab onto a vascular surface when under fl ow than in the absence of fl ow. This counterintuitive behavior relies on bonds between transmembrane selectins on the blood cell and their vascular ligands. These so-called " catch bonds " get stronger because fl ow fl ips open selectin into a binding-ready conformation, Lou et al. show on page 1107. The authors have sol...

Molecular motors are responsible for almost all biologically interesting motion. They support efficient, sustained, directional motility of cellular components within cells, of entire cells over surfaces and of entire organisms. Motors allow cells to set up complex structure, and then continuously to maintain and adjust it, by directing packets of molecular components to localised, and sometime...

T HE complex but well-controlled motions of chromosomes during mitosis have long evoked the view that the mitotic spindle contains enzymes capable oftransducing chemical energy into mechanical work, but the nature ofthese "motor" molecules has been elusive . During the last 40 years, three ideas have dominated the field : (a) microtubules (MT)' attach to chromosomes and move them by the additio...

Many biological processes involve the action of molecular motors that interact with the cell cytoskeleton. Some processes, such as the transport of cargoes is achieved mainly by the action of individual motors. Other, such as cell motility and division, require the cooperative work of many motors. Collective motor dynamics can be quite complex and unexpected. One beautiful example is the bidire...

The stepping behavior of single kinesin-1 motor proteins has been studied in great detail. However, in cells, these motors often do not work alone but rather function in small groups when they transport cellular cargo. Until now, the cooperative interactions between motors in such groups were poorly understood. A fundamental question is whether two or more motors that move the same cargo step i...

Kinesin-3 motors drive the transport of synaptic vesicles and other membrane-bound organelles in neuronal cells. In the absence of cargo, kinesin motors are kept inactive to prevent motility and ATP hydrolysis. Current models state that the Kinesin-3 motor KIF1A is monomeric in the inactive state and that activation results from concentration-driven dimerization on the cargo membrane. To test t...