In this paper we present methods to generate models of mountainous regions. For these regions statistical methods are unsuitable to predict the service coverage, blocking and termination probabilities for systems involving fast moving satellites. We present methods using modeled terrains to analyze the service coverage in satellite integrated mobile communications systems. Results of service co...

The prevention and management of venomous snakebite in the world's mountains present unique challenges. This paper presents a series of practical, clinically sound recommendations for management of venomous snakebite in a mountain environment. The authors performed an extensive review of current literature using search engines and manual searches. They then fused the abundant knowledge of snake...

The paper deals with analyses and propositions for adaptive governance of an alpine (A) and an Ethiopian (B) agropastoral system with common-pool pastures. Sustainability can be enhanced by augmenting (i) the ecological and social capitals in relation to costs and (ii) the resilience or adaptive capacity. In (A), a multifunctional agriculture appears to maintain the ecological capital providing...

Summary The hydrocarbon prospects in mountainous areas require solving a most challenging problem in seismic imaging --irregular topography associated with a rugged terrain, complexity of the nearsurface that includes high-velocity layers and outcrops with significant lateral velocity variations, complexity of the overburden, and the complexity of the target imbricate structures themselves. We ...

The aim of this study is estimating solar radiation on building roofs in complex mountain landscape areas. A multi-scale solar radiation estimation methodology is proposed that combines 3D data ranging from regional scale to the architectural one. Both the terrain and the nearby building shadowing effects are considered. The approach is modular and several alternative roof models, obtained by s...

Inventories provide information on the state of biodiversity at a site or for a geographic region. Species inventories are the basis for systematic study and critical to ecology, biogeography and identification of biological indicators and key species. They also provide key information for assessments of environmental change, for natural resource conservation or recovery of degraded ecosystems....

a r t i c l e i n f o The Upper Rio Chagres drains 414 km 2 of steep, mountainous terrain in central Panama. A tropical air mass thunderstorm on 10 July 2007 produced a flood across the basin that peaked at 720 m 3 s − 1 at a headwaters gage draining 17.5 km 2 and 1710 m 3 s − 1 at a downstream gage draining 414 km 2. The storm also triggered numerous landslides in the upper basin, which facili...