1. Several neurophysiological studies of the primary motor and premotor cortices have shown that the movement parameters direction, distance, and target position are correlated with the discharge of single neurons. Here we investigate whether the correlations with these parameters occur simultaneously (i.e., parallel processing), or sequentially (i.e., serial processing). 2. The single-unit dat...

The authors explored changes in the postural preparation and movement times during jumps into targets of different sizes placed at different distances from the participant. Both movement and preparation times scaled with movement distance. Neither movement nor preparation time showed an effect of target size, although preparation time showed a tendency to increase for smaller targets. These obs...

background: selective alveolar corticotomy is defined as an intentional injury to cortical bone. this technique is an effective means of accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of buccal corticotomy in accelerating maxillary canine retraction. materials and methods: the sample in this clinical trial study consisted of 15 adult female patients wit...

objective: basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) is a cytokine involved in angiogenesis, tissue remodeling and stimulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. the present study assesses the effects of a local injection of bfgf on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. materials and methods: in this laboratory animal study, we randomly divided 50 rats into 5 groups of 10 rats each. rats received 0....