In the companion paper, we identified a repeatable sequence of events leading to substorm onset in THEMIS all-sky imager observations: enhanced flows bring new plasma into the plasma sheet. The new plasma then moves earthward as a flow channel, bringing it to the near-Earth plasma sheet and where it produces onset instability. New plasma entering the dusk (dawn) convection cell drifts equatorwa...

The equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is a band of zonal electric current flowing along the magnetic equator in dayside E-region ionosphere. direction EEJ often eastward but sometimes westward. mechanism for generating westward not fully understood. This study examines relationship between eastward/westward and neutral winds using simultaneous observations from European Space Agency's Swarm satellite...

In this paper we examine time-series measurements of near-surface chlorophyll concentration from a mooring that was deployed at 80.5E on the equator in the Indian Ocean in 2010. These data reveal at least six striking spikes in chlorophyll from October through December, at approximately 2-week intervals, that coincide with the development of the fall Wyrtki jets during the transition between th...

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau Vortex (TPV) is an important low-pressure system that affects the weather and climate in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It of great importance to study water cycle TPV further understand its resulting disastrous weather. This different from previous studies cases or atmospheric Qinghai Tibet Focusing on moving system, perspective climatology, characteristics circulation act...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Here, we report the first observation of an albino Short-Tailed Fruit Bats Carollia perspicillata from Colombia. Carollia perspicillata is distributed from Colombia eastward across northern South America, including Trinidad and Tobago, and southward into Bolivia, Paraguay, southern Brazil, and northern Argentina. The species also is known from the I...

A long series of polar patches was observed by ionosondes and an all-sky imager during a disturbed period (Kp ˆ 7and IMF Bz < 0). The ionosondes measured electron densities of up to 9 ́ 10 m in the patch center, an increase above the density minimum between patches by a factor of 4.5. Bands of F-region irregularities generated at the equatorward edge of the patches were tracked by HF radars. Th...