drought is random and nonlinear phenomenon and using linear stochastic models, nonlinear artificial neural network and hybrid models is advantaged for drought forecasting. this paper presents the performances of autoregressive integrated moving average (arima), direct multi-step neural network (dmsnn), recursive multi-step neural network (rmsnn), hybrid stochastic neural network of directive ap...

In this paper, we compare how two different types of political regimes—direct versus representative democracy—redistribute income towards the relatively poor segments of society after the introduction of universal and equal suffrage. Swedish local governments are used as a testing ground since this setting offers a number of attractive features for a credible impact evaluation. Most importantly...

People often identify justice with impartiality. This reflects reality: many who experience injustice complain of biased treatment. But whether bias is objectionable depends on a prior commitment to an ideal of nondomination. I advance this claim by reference to impartiality arguments defended by Brian Barry and Amartya Sen. Then I sketch a historical account of impartialist ventures that shows...

This article explores the theoretical underpinnings of critical media literacy and analyzes four different approaches to teaching it. Combining cultural studies with critical pedagogy, we argue that critical media literacy aims to expand the notion of literacy to include different forms of media culture, information and communication technologies and new media, as well as deepen the potential o...

The establishment of irrevocable democracy, the rule of law, free market economic relations, and the protection of fundamental human rights have not yet assumed key significance in the South Caucasus countries. Consequently, all pressing problems of the region continue to intensify, keeping the region politically and economically unstable. Given contending geopolitical and geoeconomic interests...

“transition to democracy” is one of the significant results of social movements. inefficient domination using hardware method by the control system led the west to encourage liberal democracy using software method in order to change non-democratic governments, referred to as “transition period” or velvet revolution- the approach of transition theory holds that change is also necessary in iran (...

a few of the presented soil behavior models are capable of predicting the triggering and post liquefaction and also shear band mechanism through the soil media. the assessment of earth-dam body behavior as a soil structure made of cohesive soil in core and non-cohesive soil as the core supports, including water interaction at upstream through earthquake upon a multi-line constitutive equations ...

experience of double revolutionary upheavals in russia during the 20th century which produced a new socio-economic regularity on one hand and changed the political system from monarchial to democratic republic and then soviet state and finally presidential republic at the end of 20th century on the other hand are treated as democratic movements. in this regard, crumbling of ex-soviet regime and...

in this research, we address the application of uncertaintyprogramming to design a multi-site, multi-product, multi-period,closed-loop supply chain (clsc) network. in order to make theresults of this article more realistic, a clsc for a case study inthe iron and steel industry has been explored. the presentedsupply chain covers three objective functions: maximization ofprofit, minimization of n...

In recent years, political parties have adopted Online Delegative Democracy platforms such as LiquidFeedback to organise themselves and their political agendas via a grassroots approach. A common objection against the use of these platforms is the delegation system, where a user can delegate his vote to another user, giving rise to so-called super-voters, i.e. powerful users who receive many de...