The National Strategy for Biosurveillance defines biosurveillance as "the process of gathering, integrating, interpreting, and communicating essential information related to all-hazards threats or disease activity affecting human, animal, or plant health to achieve early detection and warning, contribute to overall situational awareness of the health aspects of an incident, and to enable better...

Knowledge extraction from database is the fundamental task in and data mining community, which has been applied to a wide range of real-world applications situations. Different support-based models, utility-oriented framework integrates utility theory provide more informative useful patterns. Time-dependent sequence are commonly seen real life. Sequence have widely utilized many applications, s...

In this paper, we present a duality theory for the robust utility maximisation problem in continuous time functions defined on positive real line. Our results are inspired by – and can be seen as analogues of seminal work Kramkov Schachermayer (Ann. Appl. Probab. 9:904–950, 1999). Namely, show that if set attainable trading outcomes pricing measures satisfy bipolar relation, then is with conjug...