We address a Multi-Commodity two-echelon Distribution Problem (MC2DP) where three sets of stakeholders are involved: suppliers, distribution centers, and customers. Multiple commodities have to be sent from suppliers customers, using multiple centers for consolidation purposes. Commodities collected the delivered with direct trips, while fleet homogeneous vehicles distributes compatible, that i...

We consider the dynamic risk management problem for a commodity processor in a multi-period setting. The firm procures an input commodity and processes it to produce an output commodity. The processed commodity is sold using forward contracts while the input itself can be traded at the end of the horizon. The firm can also trade financial derivative instruments to manage the commodity price ris...

This paper finds that the long-term co-movement among commodities is driven by economic relations, such as, production, substitution or complementary relationships. These economic linkages imply that expected commodity prices, which are determined by convenience yields and risk premia among other factors, tend to move with each other. This source of co-movement is not captured by traditional co...

In the surface mining industry, the Equipment Selection Problem involves choosing an appropriate fleet of trucks and loaders such that the long-term mine plan can be satisfied. An important characteristic for multi-location (multi-location and multi-dumpsite) mines is that the underlying problem is a multi-commodity flow problem. The problem is therefore at least as difficult as the fixed-charg...

We introduce a novel, node flow based mathematical model for the fixed-time version of a central problem in the liner shipping industry called the Liner Shipping Fleet Repositioning Problem (LSFRP). We call this version of the problem the Inflexible Visitation LSFRP (IVLSFRP). During repositioning, vessels are moved between routes in a liner shipping network. Shipping lines wish to reposition v...

Despite the severe pathological changes that occur in animals affected by MCF the pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. What is certain, however, is that the lesions do not arise through direct virus-induced cytopathology as there is no evidence of herpesvirus cytopathic effects and very little evidence of viral antigen or nucleic acid can be found in them. Consequently, numerous authors...