In this paper, we propose so-called multicomponent codes with the prescribed subspace metric distance. This class is a generalization of the Silva-Kötter-Kschischang construction (SKK codes). Component constructions are chosen in such a manner that subspace distance between components would be not less than subspace distance of each component. Iterative decoding algorithm is proposed. A few exa...

Hamiltonians whose symbols are not simply real valued, but matrix or, more generally, endomorphism valued functions appear in many places in physics, examples being the Dirac equation, multicomponent wave equations like electrodynamics in media, and Yang-Mills theories, and the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecular physics. Whereas the semiclassical and WKB approximation of scalar systems...

1. The process by which the egg-yolk protein precursor vitellogenin is biosynthesized, assembled and secreted by Xenopus laevis (South African clawed toad) liver was studied. It was previously shown in other laboratories that vitellogenin contains the two egg-yolk proteins lipovitellin (mol.wt. 140000) and phosvitin (mol.wt. 35000). 2. Evidence is presented which shows that Xenopus liver micros...

– We use the microscopic weak coupling theory to predict the pairing state in superconductors of cubic, hexagonal, or tetragonal symmetry, where the order parameter is multicomponent, i.e., transforms according to either a 2-dimensional or a 3-dimensional representation of the crystal point group. We show that the superconducting phase usually breaks the time-reversal symmetry for singlet multi...

We consider the flow of the mixture of viscous, heat-conducting, compressible fluids consisting of n different components, each of which has its own density, pressure, and molecular weight but all components having the same velocity and temperature. The mathematical model presented here relies on fundamental principles of continuum mechanics and combustion, where the balance laws, the constitut...

Many important industrial problems involve flows with multiple constitutive components. Examples include extractors, separators, reactors, sprays, polymer blends, and microfluidic applications such as DNA analysis, and protein crystallization. Due to inherent nonlinearities, topological changes, and the complexity of dealing with unknown, active, and moving surfaces, multiphase flows are challe...

The reaction of Meldrum's acid, pyrrolide, and allyl carbonates allows a multicomponent decarboxylative coupling to form allylated acyl pyrroles. This strategy is made possible by the in situ formation of β-oxo carboxylates from Meldrum's acid. Subsequent decarboxylative enolate formation and electrophilic allylation complete the reaction. Addition of benzylidene malononitriles as good Michael ...

The gauge cell Monte Carlo method [Neimark and Vishnyakov, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 234108 (2005)] for calculations of chemical potential in dense and strongly inhomogeneous fluids is extended to multicomponent systems. The system of interest is simulated in a sample cell that is placed in chemical contact with several gauge cells of limited capacity, one gauge cell per component. Thus, each compone...

Caro’s acid-silicagel was found to be a mild and effective catalyst for the one –pot multicomponent condensation of benzyl, aldehydes and ammonium acetate used for synthesis of 2, 4, 5-trisubstituted imidazole derivatives under solvent–free conditions. This catalyst has several advantages such as simple work-up, low cost and reusability.

Magnetic Resonance images are normally corrupted by random noise from the measurement process complicating the automatic feature extraction and analysis of clinical data. It is because of this reason that denoising methods have been traditionally applied to improve MR image quality. Many of these methods use the information of a single image without taking into consideration the intrinsic multi...