Low birth weight in humans is predictive of hypertension in adult life. Although the mechanisms underlying this link remain unknown, fetal overexposure to glucocorticoids has been implicated. We previously showed that prenatal dexamethasone (DEX) exposure in the rat lowers birth weight and programmes adult hypertension. The current study aimed to further investigate the nature of this hypertens...

Sawfishes (Family Pristidae) constitute one of the most threatened families of marine fish, and substantial management efforts are required to stabilize and recover their populations worldwide. Philopatry is common in marine animals, including sharks and rays, and can be a key driver of population structure, which in turn determines the most appropriate scale required for effective population a...

Gender of a fetus is associated with maternal hormonal milieu and may therefore modify maternal risk of ovarian cancer following a birth. We evaluated the relation between gender of offspring and maternal risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in a large case-control study nested within a nationwide cohort. Cohort members were identified in the Swedish Fertility Register. Cases of invasive epithelia...

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is a high-glycemic state that occurs during pregnancy, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) the major cause of it. Studies reveal GDM has long-term adverse impacts on mothers offspring, such as maternal type 2 diabetes, premature birth stillbirth newborns, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders adult offspring. In recent years, studies transcription leve...

Prenatal ethanol (EtOH) exposure is associated with low birth weight, followed by increased appetite, catch-up growth, insulin resistance, and impaired glucose tolerance in the rat offspring. Because EtOH can induce oxidative stress, which is a putative mechanism of insulin resistance, and because of the central role of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy homeostasis and insulin action...

Abstract Rawls argued that fairness in human societies can be achieved if decisions about the distribution of societal rewards are made from behind a veil ignorance, which obscures personal gains result. Whether ignorance promotes animal societies, is, resources to reduce inequality, is unknown. Here we show experimentally cooperatively breeding banded mongooses, acting over kinship, allocate p...

OBJECTIVES To examine the association of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with anthropometry in the offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study in 1263 GDM mother-child pairs. General linear models and Logistic regression models were used to assess the single and joint associatio...

The authors have investigated associations between offspring size at birth and parental cardiovascular disease mortality among 12,086 mothers and 6,936 fathers of participants in the British 1958 birth cohort. Birth weight was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in both mothers and fathers. The adjusted hazard ratio of cardiovascular disease mortality for ...

OBJECTIVE Obesity in the offspring of women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy has been reported, but the results are conflicting. This study examined the association of hyperglycemia during pregnancy and anthropometry in 5- to 7-year-old offspring whose mothers participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study at the Belfast Centre. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Wom...

OBJECTIVE In mammals, high parental testosterone levels present around the time of conception are thought to skew offspring sex ratio toward sons. The second to fourth digit ratio (digit ratio) is now widely accepted as a negative correlate of prenatal testosterone. Thus, we investigated the association between digit ratio and offspring sex ratio. METHODS A total of 508 Korean patients (257 m...