Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is characterized as a dynamic, multi-hop wireless self-organized distributed ad hoc network. Because of node mobility and power limitation, the network topology changes frequently which leads to path breakage. Hence a dynamic routing protocol is required for ad hoc networks to function properly. Reactive on -demand routing protocols becomes very popular because it ...

The terms "cumulative" and "cumulative effects" are becoming more widely used in environmental impact assessment. The popularity of the concept is understandable as our culture comes to recognize that solitary insults to the environment considered in isolation cannot capture the full effect of the problems now before us. But what exactly do we mean by the term "cumulative"? "Cumulative" means g...