Three studies have suggested an association between leukaemia and Iymphomas and exposure to styrene. ln a mortality analysis of2904 US workers exposed to low or moderate levels of styrene (not exceeding 100 ppm (420 mgj m3)), six cases ofleukaemia (3.4 expected; standardized mortality ratio (SMR), 176) and seven cases of Iymphoma (5.3 expected; SMR, 132) were observed. When the incidence was an...

Implantable electrical probes have led to advances in neuroscience, brain-machine interfaces, and treatment of neurological diseases, yet they remain limited in several key aspects. Ideally, an electrical probe should be capable of recording from large numbers of neurons across multiple local circuits and, importantly, allow stable tracking of the evolution of these neurons over the entire cour...

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is the most common tool used in sleep research. This unit describes the methods for recording and analyzing the EEG. Detailed protocols describe recorder calibration, electrode application, EEG recording, and computer EEG analysis with power spectral analysis. Computer digitization of an analog EEG signal is discussed, along with EEG filtering and the parameters o...

PURPOSE Video ambulatory EEG (V-AEEG) is a new technique which could add increased capacity for long term EEG monitoring to overstretched inpatient video telemetry (IPVT) services. We compare V-AEEG and IPVT for diagnostic efficacy, recording quality, patient acceptability and technologist time required. METHODS Forty-one V-AEEG and 64 IPVT adult patients were included. Patients were investig...

In order to improve the understanding of media violence effects, it is crucial to extend knowledge about factors that threaten the validity of such effects in empirical research. Research artifacts can be expected when participants are (a) aware of a scientist’s hypothesis, (b) motivated to confirm or disconfirm the hypothesis, and (c) capable of manipulating their responses in line with their ...

PURPOSE Ankle joint dorsiflexion contributes to energy absorption during landing, but wearing ankle stabilizers is known to restrict passive measures of dorsiflexion. This study compared the effects of various ankle stabilizers on ankle joint kinematics during soft and stiff landings. METHODS Subjects (N = 14) performed two-legged landings off a 0.59-m platform. Kinematics of the right ankle ...

Objectives: To study the correlation between anatomical parameters and EMG signals by means of simulations. Methods: A mathematical model of the electrical activity from muscle ®bres and motor units has been developed. The electrical ®elds around the muscle ®bres are simulated using a line source model. The model permits the simulation of single muscle ®bre action potentials obtained by SFEMG, ...

Neuronal mechanisms of episodic memory, the conscious recollection of autobiographical events, are largely unknown because electrophysiological studies in humans are conducted only in exceptional circumstances. Unit recording studies in animals are thus crucial for understanding the neurophysiological substrate that enables people to remember their individual past. Two features of episodic memo...

Investigations into mechanisms in various cortical areas can be greatly improved and supported by stable recording of single neuronal activity. In this study, fine silicon wire electrodes (diameter 3 μm, length 160 μm) are fabricated by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth with the aim of stabilizing recording and reducing the invasiveness on the measurement procedure. The electrode is fabricated on...

Introduction: The most common interpretation for the mechanisms of antidepression is the increase of the brain monoamine levels such as dopamine (DA). The increase of DA can reduce depression but it can also decrease the monoamine release because of autoreceptor inhibition. Although bupropion can decrease the dopamine release, there is evidence about stimulatory effects of chronic application o...