background: identifying regional types and evaluating the frequency of pneumococcal strains has become increasingly important especially in vaccination. the purpose of this study was the identification and frequency determination of our regional serotype and evaluation of the performance of recent type specific multiplex pcr for the diagnosis of streptococcus pneumonia serotypes. methods: all i...

Spread-spectrum systems are presented, which are based on Finite Field Fourier Transforms. Orthogonal spreading sequences defined over a finite field are derived. New digital multiplex schemes based on such spread-spectrum systems are also introduced, which are multilevel Coding Division Multiplex. These schemes termed Galois-field Division Multiplex (GDM) offer compact bandwidth requirements b...

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P.O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk.fi Author Juha Jokisalo Name of the dissertation On design principles and calculation methods related to energy performance of buildings in Finland Manuscript submitted 20.5.2008 Manuscript revised 11.9.2008 Date of the defence 28.11.2008 Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original artic...

Contemporary buildings are expected to meet an extensive set of requirements. They must be conceived, constructed, and operated in a manner that is functionally adequate, environmentally sustainable, occupationally desirable, and economically feasible. Moreover, buildings must increasingly accommodate different user groups, a varied set of activities, and multiple indoor environmental control s...

To meet the dual challenges of climate change and peak oil, high-performance (lowenergy) buildings must be the rule rather than the exception. Typical buildings today frequently do not deliver the energy performance predicted by designers or desired by the owner. One of the primary reasons for this failure to perform is that building control systems are not designed, installed and/or operated a...

objective(s) amongst the various antibiotic resistant elements in vibrio. cholerae, sxt constin (sxt-c) is important. we were going to design a quick method for determination of antibiotic resistance gene pattern in sxt-c. materials and methods ninety four v. cholerae o1el tor isolates were used in this study. antibiotic susceptibility testing, multiplex pcr amplification of sxt-c containing df...

Real-time type-specific multiplex human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR assays were developed to detect HPV DNA in samples collected for the efficacy determination of the quadrivalent HPV (type 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine (Gardasil). Additional multiplex (L1, E6, and E7 open reading frame [ORF]) or duplex (E6 and E7 ORF) HPV PCR assays were developed to detect high-risk HPV...

Multiplex quencher extension (multiplex-QEXT) is a novel closed tube single-step method for detection and quantification of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) simultaneously. The principle of multiplex-QEXT is that 5' reporter-labeled probes are 3' single-base-extended with TAMRA dideoxy nucleotides if the respective SNP alleles are present. TAMRA can serve as either an energy accep...