Typical analysis of Markovian models of processes refers only to the expected utility that can be obtained by the process. On the other hand, modal logic offers a systematic method of characterizing processes by combining various modal operators. A multivalued temporal logic for Markov chains and Markov decision processes has been recently proposed in [1]. Here, we discuss how it can be extende...

In this paper, we introduce two classes of localized integral operators on L2(Rd) with the Wiener class W and the Kurbatov class K of integral operators as their models. We show that those two classes of localized integral operators are pseudo-inverse closed non-unital subalgebra of B2, the Banach algebra of all bounded operators on L2(Rd) with usual operator norm.

The existence of Hilfer fractional stochastic Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential inclusions via almost sectorial operators is the topic our paper. researchers used calculus, analysis theory, and Bohnenblust–Karlin’s fixed point theorem for multivalued maps to support their findings. To begin with, we must establish a mild solution. In addition, show principle, an application presented.