A recent model of collective action distinguishes two distinct pathways; an emotional pathway whereby anger in response to injustice motivates action, and an efficacy pathway where the belief that issues can be solved collectively increases the likelihood that group members take action (van Zomeren, Spears, Fischer, & Leach, 2004). Research supporting this model has, however, focused entirely o...

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, and 1.9 billion Muslims of the world celebrate their holiest month of Ramadan each year. It is the month of fasting in the Muslim calendar when it is believed the Holy Quran (the holy book of Muslims) was sent down from heaven as a guidance unto men a declaration of direction, and a mean of salvation, fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam...

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, and 1.9 billion Muslims of the world celebrate their holiest month of Ramadan each year. It is the month of fasting in the Muslim calendar when it is believed the Holy Quran (the holy book of Muslims) was sent down from heaven as a guidance unto men a declaration of direction, and a mean of salvation, fasting is one of the five pillars of Islam...

circumstances and development of Muslim nations has been the subject of intense debate among Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Western critics of Islam or “Islamic civilization,” such as Bernard Lewis (1990) and Samuel Huntington (1993), have decried its economic irrationality, incompatibility with democracy, and failure to separate religion and state; while scholars such as Edward Said (2001:11) ...

At least three traditions in sociological thought address the question of social inclusion. In the systems theory proposed by Luhmann, inclusion means that individuals are able to adapt and gain access to functional subsystems, such as the labor market or the welfare state. In the tradition of Simmel, social inclusion is seen as an outcome of “cross-cutting social circles”. Both perspectives ar...

Just as Islamic law has stated the various rights of people Islam and obliges government to ensure protection their lives, property, honor dignity, it also non-Muslims. The State is responsible for protecting non-Muslims who live in State. It responsibility ruler time not only protect property Muslims but non-Muslim minorities living his state. Non-Muslim have been granted complete religious fr...

Online Journal of Cultural Competence in Nursing and Healthcare Vol. 1, No. 3, 2011 ABSTRACT Purpose: To discover, describe and analyze the traditional generic (lay, folk, indigenous) and professional care meanings, beliefs, and practices related to health and illness of traditional Syrian Muslims in the Midwestern United States (US). Design and Research Methods: Leininger’s Culture Care Theory...