*Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widespread in tropical forests and represent a major sink of photosynthate, yet their contribution to soil respiration in such ecosystems remains unknown. *Using in-growth mesocosms we measured AMF mycelial respiration in two separate experiments: (1) an experiment in a semi-evergreen moist tropical forest, and (2) an experiment with 6-m-tall Pseudobombax...

Colonization-competition tradeoffs have been shown to be important determinants of succession in plant and animal communities, but their role in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities is not well understood. To experimentally examine whether strong spore-based competitors remain dominant on plant root tips as competition shifts to mycelial-based interactions, we investigated the mycelial comp...

The glucosamine and galactosamine content of mycelia was measured in cultures of Neurospora crassa grown on the surface of dialysis membranes. The glucosamine content was relatively constant throughout the different regions of the mycelial mat. The galactosamine content, however, was always lower in the growing-front region of the mycelial mat than in the older regions. At most, only low levels...

Selected cultural and environmental variables were investigated for their influence on the efficacy of Phoma herbarum and Phoma exigua to cause disease on dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) under growth room conditions. In both species, mycelial fragments caused significantly greater disease severity on dandelion than spore suspensions. Mycelial age was not an important factor in disease severity...

The effect of fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M on the mycelial morphology, sporulation and fumonisin B 1 production by Fusarium verticillioides 103 F was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the fungicide caused inhibition of hyphal growth and defects on hyphae morphology such as cell wall disruption, withered hyphae, and excessive septation. In addition, extracellular material...

Lactobacillus casei KC-324 was tested for its ability to inhibit aflatoxin production and mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus ATCC 15517 in liquid culture. Aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis and mycelial growth were inhibited in both simultaneous culture and individual antagonism assays,suggesting that the inhibitory activity was due to extracellular metabolites produced in cell-free supernatant fluid...

Bacteria, isolated from canola and soybean plants, produced antifungal organic volatile compounds. These compounds inhibited sclerotia and ascospore germination, and mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, in vitro and in soil tests. Ascospore germination in cavity slides was inhibited 54–90% by the volatile producers. When mycelial plugs or the sclerotia, exposed to these volatiles, were ...

the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. is one of the important arthropod pathogens that can play an important role in the regulation of mite populations in agricultural ecosystems. in this study, the combined effect of a native isolate of fungus b. bassiana (eut105) and ether-extract of plant, ginkgo biloba was evaluated against the two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus ur...

biological control of sugar beet damping-off of rhizoctonia solani ag-4 by two native streptomyces isolates (s2 and c) was evaluated in green house and field conditions. in dual culture, two streptomyces isolates inhibited mycelial growth of r. solani ag-4. besides, volatile components of s2 and c inhibited r. solani mycelial growth for 72 and 74 percentages, respectively. soil treatment either...

Several cytoplasmic virulence factors of Candida albicans are altered in the presence of estrogen and this fact may imply the existence of a global virulence regulatory system in this organism. The response of virulence-associated surface markers to estrogen, however, has not been studied. We exploited flow cytometry methods for assessment of the iC3b receptor analog and mannoproteins on 2 clin...