In intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks, how to guarantee the packet delivery ratio and reduce the transmission delay has become the new challenge for the researchers. Epidemic theory based routing had shown the better performance in the aspect of improving transmission successful rate and reducing the delay, which under the situation that there is no limitation of the node buffer an...

1 Q I − − ) ( y , where the j th entry of the row vector y is the probability that the system state seen by the first arrival during a busy period is j and 1 Q I − − ) ( is the fundamental matrix associated with the standard GI/M/1 queue. In this paper, we present the entries of 1 Q I − − ) ( explicitly. Also, we illustrate how to find y by examples such as the N -policy GI/M/1 queue with or wi...

Phytochromes are a widespread family of red/far-red responsive photoreceptors first discovered in plants, where they constitute one of the three main classes of photomorphogenesis regulators. All phytochromes utilize covalently attached bilin chromophores that enable photoconversion between red-absorbing (P(r)) and far-red-absorbing (P(fr)) forms. Phytochromes are thus photoswitchable photosens...

nitrate concentration of the soil, at the start of growing season, is high due to minerali-zation of soil organic n during the fall and the addition of n fertilizers. it may be useful to exploit this n form as much as possible. therefore, the nitrate uptake, assimilation and dry matter production of several wheat cultivars were examined in a series of experiments using a hydroponic culture syst...

The multifractal characterization of the distribution over disorder of the mean first-passage time in a finite chain is revisited. Both, absorbing-absorbing and reflecting-absorbing boundaries are considered. Two models of dichotomic disorder are compared and our analysis clarifies the origin of the multifractality. The phenomenon is only present when the diffusion is anomalous.

The physical basis of Brownian motion in translationally invariant media are well understood, and models based on this type of transport have been applied to the interpretation of an enormous variety of physical phenomena. There is likewise a large literature on Brownian motion in the presence of absorbing boundaries. Perfectly absorbing boundaries are known to change the properties of Brownian...