The production learning of vocalizations by manipulation of the sound production organs to alter the physical structure of sound has been demonstrated in only a few mammals. In this natural experiment, we document the vocal behaviour of two juvenile killer whales, Orcinus orca, separated from their natal pods, which are the only cases of dispersal seen during the three decades of observation of...

Global vision consensus on the next generation of wireless mobile communications, broadly termed 4G, sketches a hybrid infrastructure, comprising different wireless access systems in a complementary manner and vested with reconfiguration capabilities that facilitate a flexible and dynamic adaptation of the wireless infrastructure to meet the ever-changing service requirements. We identify essen...

Today we experience the proliferation of social networking applications. However mobile devices are only scarcely involved as individual members in such networks. In this paper we investigate how mobile phones can participate in social networks. The phonebook of the mobile devices represents basically a small social network which belongs to the owner of the device. The paper introduces mobile-c...

Appropriately substituted N-centered urazolyl radicals are capable of generating interesting cage-like structures upon forming N-N bonds. The generated by the oxidation corresponding NH urazole precursors. We synthesized a triurazole precursor that we hoped would dimerize through formation three bonds to afford large molecular cage. Unfortunately, attempts at urazoles form instead only lead ran...

conclusions ct is common in middle-aged working females. it affects supraspinatus tendon. it is associated with smoking. occupational risk factors are awkward positions and lifting weights. iontophoresis with 5% acetic acid and ultrasound is a safe, simple and inexpensive technique, capable to reduce pain and calcification, with a recommended degree of scientific evidence (2b). objectives to cl...

In this study, the draft genome of Rhodococcus sp. strain ENV425 was determined. The propane-grown strain ENV425 cometabolically degrades environmental contaminants such as methyl tert-butyl ether and N-nitrosodimethylamine. The sequence revealed the presence of multiple hydrocarbon metabolic genes that could play pivotal roles in the biodegradation of pollutants.

This paper discusses the conditions for the integration of a software companion into a distance training system. The study context is that of Croisières, a device to learn French. The main questions raised when integrating a software companion into such a device can be answered by defining the various roles that the companion plays for the learner, by defining a written dialogue that can be est...

A critical challenge to creating effective agent-based systems is allowing them to operate effectively when the operating environment is complex, dynamic, and error-prone. In this paper we will review the limitations of current “agent-local” approaches to exception handling in agent systems, and propose an alternative approach based on a shared exception handling service that is “plugged”, with...

Endo-M, an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mucor hiemalis, is a family 85 glycoside hydrolase. This enzyme is unique in that it can transfer en bloc the oligosaccharide of various types of N-glycans onto different acceptors, and thereby it enzymatically generates diverse glycoconjugates. In this study, we performed mutational and kinetic studies focusing on a key catalytic asparagine 175...

Chemically modified nucleotides have been developed and applied into SELEX procedure to find a novel type of aptamers to fit with targets of interest. In this study, we directly performed chemical modification of 5-(N-benzylcarboxyamide)-2'-deoxyuridine (called 5-BzdU) in the AS1411 aptamer, which binds to the nucleolin protein expressed in cancer cells. Forty-seven compounds of AS1411-containi...