A procedure for start-up of oxygen-limited autotrophic nitrification-denitrification (OLAND) in a lab-scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) is presented. In this one-step process, NH4+ is directly converted to N2 without the need for an organic carbon source. The approach is based on a sequential addition of two types of easily available biocatalyst to the reactor during start-up: aerobic n...

Anthropogenic activities are altering total nutrient loads to many estuaries and freshwaters, resulting in high loads not only of total nitrogen (N), but in some cases, of chemically reduced forms, notably NH4 . Long thought to be the preferred form of N for phytoplankton uptake, NH4 may actually suppress overall growth when concentrations are sufficiently high. NH4 has been well known to be in...

The invention of technical N2 fixation (TNF) opened the way to fertilize urea, NH4+, NO3 plant demands surpassing. An enchased the production sites from the thermodynamic equilibrium moving away and yields significantly increasing soil organic matter (SOM) conversion promotes nitrification through NH4+ and CO2 availability in higher amounts. Mobile NO3 ions in access formed dislocate towards gr...

The effectiveness of a hybrid approach comprising electrocoagulation (EC) and adsorption (AD) (using natural zeolite and/or palygorskite) processes to treat raw sanitary landfill leachate (SLL) was investigated in terms color, dissolved chemical oxygen demand (d-COD), nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) ammonium (NH4+-N) removal. Optimal EC conditions were found with current density 30 mA cm−2, Fe electr...

Abiotic nitrogen reduction (ANR) in hydrothermal systems has been long considered as the most likely mechanism to transform N2, the dominant N species on the pre-life Earth’s surface, into NH4+, an essential compound for abiotic synthesis of large organic molecules facilitating the emergence of life in the early oceans [1]. Mineral-induced ANR process has been demonstrated by laboratory experim...

The photochemical release of inorganic nitrogen from dissolved organic matter is an important source of bio-available nitrogen (N) in N-limited aquatic ecosystems. We conducted photochemical experiments and used mathematical models based on pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics to quantify the photochemical transformations of individual N species and their seasonal effects on N cycling in a moun...

Uptake of nutrients and organic C was measured once annually between 2000 and 2002 in each of 10 streams within the water-supply source areas for New York City. Nutrients (PO4 3– and NH4 þ) and organic C (glucose and arabinose) were injected into the streams for 1 to 2 h, and uptake lengths were estimated from the longitudinal declines in downstream concentration relative to that of a conservat...

During a systematic study of monofluorophosphates, i.e., compounds comprising the tetrahedral anion PO3F2?, twelve, for most part new, were obtained from aqueous solutions. Crystal structure refinements based on single crystal X-ray diffraction data revealed previously unknown structures CdPO3F(H2O)2, Cr2(PO3F)3(H2O)18.8, Pb2(PO3F)Cl2(H2O), (NH4)2M(PO3F)2(H2O)2 (M = Mg, Mn, Co), NH4Cr(PO3F)2(H2...

Availability and leaching of dissolved inorganic N (DIN = NH4 + NO3) in soil were measured in a periodically flooded forest of the Central Amazon floodplain (v rzea) during one terrestrial phase. Special emphasis was on the effects of a legume and a nonlegume tree species. NH4-N accounted for more than 85% of DIN even at the end of the terrestrial phase although it decreased throughout the expe...

The objective of this work is to verifying the consume of the minerals K, Na, Fe, Mg, P, S-SO4 (-2), B, N Total Kjedahl (NTK), NO3 (-)-N, and NH4 (+)-N in the production of bacterial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinum, according to the medium and the manner of cultivation. The fermentative process was in ripe and green coconut water. K and Na were determined by flame emission photometry, Mg and F...