Malpighian tubule of Rhodnius sp. express two sodium pumps: the classical ouabain-sensitive (Na+ + K+)ATPase and an ouabain-insensitive, furosemide-sensitive Na+-ATPase. In insects, 5-hydroxitryptamine is a diuretic hormone released during meals. It inhibits the (Na+ + K+)ATPase and Na+ -ATPase activities indicating that these enzymes are involved in fluid secretion. Furthermore, in Rhodnius ne...

The application of exogenous proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) confers salt tolerance on plants under salt stress. The effects of exogenous proline and betaine on apoplastic flow in rice plants under saline conditions were investigated using trisodium-8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid (PTS), an apoplastic tracer. Rice plants took up more PTS under light conditions than under dark condi...

Salinity tolerance of four grape genotypes [GharaUzum, Hosseini, AghUzum and Keshmeshi] was studied under various salinity levels (25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl). As a result, growth indices were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by salinity, whereas Cl- and Na+ contents in the plant parts were increased. Cl- accumulation exceeded than that of Na+ in all treatments. Among the genotypes studied, GharaUzum...

In this study, we examined the relationship between the accumulation of NaHSeO3, the plant hormone (IAA), and some nutrient elements (K(+), Na(+), Ca(2+)) in the tissues of the roots, mesocotyls and leaves of Zea mays L. plants. Our experiments were carried out with eight- to nine-day old maize plants (Zea mays L. var K33xF2) grown on Hoagland's medium containing the standard macro- and microel...

This study was conducted in September 2014 to determine the effects of metal accumulation on the Odanata larvae which is a freshwater macroinvertebrate. Polluted area in the lower part of the mine founded on Umurbey Stream (Çanakkale, Turkey) and unpolluted area in the upper part of it are defined as the sampling stations. In this study, GSH (Glutathione), TBARS levels and Na, K -ATPase activit...

Since sodium, Na, is a non-essential element for the plant growth, the molecular mechanism of Na(+) transport system in plants has remained elusive for the last two decades. The accumulation of Na(+) in soil through irrigation for sustainable agricultural crop production, particularly in arid land, and by changes in environmental and climate conditions leads to the buildup of toxic level of sal...

The effects of a newly synthesized compound, N-ethoxycarbonyl-7-oxo-staurosporine (NA-382), on multidrug resistance in tumor cells were investigated. Protein kinase-inhibitory activity of NA-382 was lower but more selective to Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase than that of staurosporine. NA-382 at noncytotoxic concentrations effectively reversed in vitro multidrug resistance of Adriamy...

The present study determined regional serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and metabolism changes associated with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) and the influence of 5-HT receptor blockade in the antidepressant-like actions of L-NA in the forced swimming test (FST). Regional effects of L-NA (5,10 and 20mg/kg i.p.) on tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity, the rate ...

We investigated the effects of different ischemia-mimetic factors on intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). Ventricular myocytes were isolated from adult Wistar rats, and [Ca2+]i was measured using fluorescent indicator fluo-4 AM by confocal microscopy. Intracellular pH was measured using c5-(and-6)-carboxy SNARF-1 AM, a dual emission pH-sensitive ionophore. Myocytes were exposed to hypoxi...

The melibiose carrier of Escherichia coli couples sugar transport to H+, Na+, and Li+, while that of Klebsiella pneumoniae utilizes only H+ and Li+. We made five chimeric carriers derived from the two carriers to identify the region(s) involved in Na+ recognition. The chimeric carriers E2K10, E4K8, E6K6, E8K4, and E10K2 have the amino-terminal 77, 144, 197, 298, and 349 amino acid residues deri...