Garrett Birkhoff’s mathematical work over the last three decades has been primarily centered on scientific computation and numerical analysis, and the other contributions to this special issue survey the broad range of his research and influence in this area. However, this subject represents only a small part of Garrett’s many and diverse interests, and the number of areas of mathematics on whi...

been received from Dr. Egeling, the Chief Inspector of Health for the Province of South Holland, wo learn that the city of Rotterdam is about to obtain a supply of water from the Maas, which is to be filtered through sand and gravel prior to its delivery for consumption. This will be a great boon to the city, considering its present position in that respect; but the authorities would do wisely ...

In May 2001, the Swartz Foundation sponsored a workshop called ‘Can a machine be conscious?’ at the Banbury Center in Long Island (http://www. swartzneuro.org/banbury_2001.cfm). Around twenty psychologists, computer scientists, philosophers, physicists, neuroscientists, engineers, and industrialists spent three days in a mixture of short presentations and long and lively discussions. At the end...

An enigma for cancer medicine lies in its complexity and variability, at all levels of consideration. The hallmarks of cancer constitute an organizing principle that provides a conceptual basis for distilling the complexity of this disease in order to better understand it in its diverse presentations. This conceptualization involves eight biological capabilities—the hallmarks of cancer—acquired...

Peat deposits occur in areas where water logging is common. Large areas of blanket mire occur throughout the temperate and cold regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and are particularly extensive in the UK Uplands. Mass movements of peat, reported usually as peat slides and bog bursts, have been well documented for over 150 years. However, the fundamental controls of this form of sh...

Pore water and solid phase samples were collected from the upper 50 cm of a peat profile at four sites within a 10 m area in Kleinstuck Marsh, a minerotropic fen located in Kalamazoo, MI. Although the chosen sites are in close proximity to each other, they differ with respect to vegetation species and density. Pore water analyses for a suite of redox sensitive species (pH, alkalinity, dissolved...

Approximately 15 percent of Sweden’s land area is covered by peat ( 30 cm deep). In drained peatlands, decomposition of the peat produces greenhouse gases such as CO2 and N2O. Electric conductivity, measured with the instrument EM38, can be used to assess spatial variation in soil properties. To easier decide the quantity of the CO2-emissions from a peatland the possible relation between electr...

This note considers the problem how zeros lying on the boundary of a domain influence the norm of polynomials (under the normalization that their value is fixed at a point). It is shown that k zeros raise the norm by a factor (1 + ck/n) (where n is the degree of the polynomial), while k excessive zeros on an arc compared to n times the equilibrium measure raise the norm by a factor exp(ck/n). T...

P. A. Wielopolski, P. Ciet, G. P. Krestin, M. H. Lequin, H. Tiddens, and R. Manniesing Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands, Department of Medical-Diagnostic Sciences and Therapies, Policlinico Universitario di Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Pulmonology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands, Department of Informatics and Radiology...