Government regulations to address technological risks are important for the successful development and application of nanotechnology, but there is an ongoing debate in the USA about who is responsible for the regulation of nanotechnology. In a mail survey of leading US nano-scientists, we examine scientists’ perceptions about nano-regulation, including the government level (local, national, or ...

The occurrence of a stable icosahedral (i-) phase, which is quasicrystalline with an icosahedral (fivefold) symmetry, on the equilibrium phase diagram of Mg-Zn-RE (RE = Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho or Er) alloys opened up an interesting possibility of developing a new series of magnesium alloys for structural applications. Alloys based on the i-phase have been studied for the past 14 years. Ultra-high str...

Antifreeze (glyco)proteins are found in polar fish species and act to slow the rate of growth of ice crystals; a property known as ice recrystallization inhibition. The ability to slow ice growth is of huge technological importance especially in the cryopreservation of donor cells and tissue, but native antifreeze proteins are often not suitable, nor easily available. Therefore, the search for ...

The formation of Mn–C short-range ordering (SRO) has a great influence on the mechanical properties of high-Mn steels. In the present work, the formation of Mn–C SRO during recrystallization of an X60Mn18 steel was investigated by means of a combined study employing small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ab initio ground-state energy calculations based on density-functional theory. The SANS ...

Ice recrystallization is the main contributor to cell damage and death during the cryopreservation of cells and tissues. Over the past five years, many small carbohydrate-based molecules were identified as ice recrystallization inhibitors and several were shown to reduce cryoinjury during the cryopreservation of red blood cells (RBCs) and hematopoietic stems cells (HSCs). Unfortunately, clear s...

In the field of pharmaceuticals, the crystallization process significantly impacts the purity, morphology and polymorphism of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), all of which are important in drug development. Polymorphism is the existence of more than one solid-state form of the same chemical entity. Tolfenamic acid (TFA), a Non-Steroid Anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been shown to ex...

α-decay damage and recrystallization in natural zircon (with dose ranging from 0.06 to 23.3 × 1018 α-events g−1) were studied using polarized reflection infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results show that α-decay damage leads to a gradual decrease in reflectivity and a loss of anisotropy of IR spectra. Recrystallization of damaged zircon is found as a multi-stage process with a strong dep...

BACKGROUND Table salt is the most commonly used food additive. Since most of the salt consumed in Iran comes from mines, contamination with heavy metals is a health concern. The commonest salt purification method in Iran is washing with water. But recently, some industries have turned to recrystallization method. The present study aimed to determine the level of essential and non-essential heav...

3- and 4-Methylcyclohexanone have been isolated exclusively as their energetically disfavoured axial conformers in the host-guest complexes formed upon recrystallization of the novel optically pure host compound, (+)-(2R,3R)-1,1,4,4-tetraphenylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (TETROL), from these cycloalkanones.

The single crystal structure of a micrometre-scale copper hexadecafluoro-phthalocyanine (F(16)CuPc) ribbon synthesized by vaporization-condensation-recrystallization (VCR) process was resolved by using a synchrotron X-ray diffractometer.