Here we provide global estimates of the seasonal flux of sediment, on a river-by-river basis, under modern and prehuman conditions. Humans have simultaneously increased the sediment transport by global rivers through soil erosion (by 2.3 +/- 0.6 billion metric tons per year), yet reduced the flux of sediment reaching the world's coasts (by 1.4 +/- 0.3 billion metric tons per year) because of re...

Erosion by flowing water is one of the major forces shaping the surface of Earth. Studies in the last decade have shown, in particular, that the drainage region of rivers, where water is collected, exhibits scale invariant features characterized by exponents that are the same for rivers around the world. Here we show that from the data obtained by the MOLA altimeter of the Mars Global Surveyor ...

Contents 1. Introduction 2. Primary stage of the occurrence of river systems 3. Development of rivers in the Paleozoic 4. Change of hydrography in the Mesozoic 5. Modification of river systems in the Cenozoic 6. Water balance change of the river basins in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic 7. Features of dynamics of the hydrographic network and channel deformations 8. Hydrography and water resources of the ...

We have used a variety of approaches to introduce quantitative concepts into our introductory geology classes, some of which rely on using case studies of local rivers to improve student interest and appreciation of quantitative methods in scientific problem solving. Fortunately, there are rivers in most parts of the country, so these approaches are easily transferable and applicable in many ar...

Acknowledgements It is a pleasure to thank Jan Ambjrn for always inspiring and stimulating supervision and collaboration. I am also grateful for the valuable and fruitful collaboration that I have had with Jerzy Jurkiewicz and Yuri Makeenko as well as Zdzisek Burda and Leonid Chekhov. Finally the positive atmosphere and the support that I have experienced in the high energy theory group at NBI ...

Nanpu 1-29 Area of Jidong Oilfield in China is currently the stage high water cut and low recovery degree. The remaining oil development adjustment are difficult because complex reservoir heterogeneity lack analysis architecture due to unclear river type. This study first used sedimentary background, granularity, core, sand body distribution determine type believed it belongs wandering braided ...

The direct and secondary effects of rapidly changing climate caused large rivers draining the Atlantic passive margin to incise quickly into bedrock beginning about 35,000 years ago. Measured in samples from bedrock fluvial terraces, 10-beryllium shows that both the Susquehanna and Potomac Rivers incised 10- to 20-meter-deep gorges along steep, convex lower reaches during the last glacial cycle...

Taking into account the importance of Lake Sevan and Lake Sevan basin’s rivers for Armenian economy, the main goals of our investigations were the documentation of water quality and the biodiversity of invertebrates developed in Lake Sevan basin’s rivers and selected tributaries. Moderately satisfied ecological condition for the biodiversity of Lake Sevan basin’s rivers has been established, an...

Abstract Moema, a genus of the Rivulidae family, currently comprises 20 valid species. Most these species inhabit temporary pools in Amazon basin and only one is found upper Paraguay basin. A new member this from Río Madeira drainage here described. Males differ all congeners by combination color pattern consisting oblique, sometimes chevron-like, irregular rows red light blue double-dots on bo...

this paper provides information on the geographic distributions of two cyprinid species: hemiculter leucisculus (basilewsky, 1855) and alburnus caeruleus heckel, 1843, in the world and the entire drainage systems in iran. the new distribution records were taken from maroon river (jarrahi river system) and chardaval river (karkheh river system), both in tigris river basin showing wide and narrow...