Local and regional environments have for many centuries been seen as, or as being composed of, ''natural resources,'' which have generally been considered fully available for human use, irrespective of any use to which other species, purposefully or not, might put them. The global environment has more recently, though less routinely, been seen in this way. I examine full-human-use arguments in ...

non-renewable natural resources play an important role in sustainable development of developing countries such as iran. however, if natural resources are to be preserved for future generations, proper use of such resources will be imperative. women are one of the prime users of natural resources. this study assesses the conservational behavior of rural women and factors influencing such behavio...

Rural development is a process involving local people in solving their problems. As a strategy designed to improve the social and economic well-being of rural populations, rural developmentundoubtedlysupportsnation-widedevelopmentina country like Iran with a rural-basedsociety. Theconstitutionof the Islamic Republic of Iran stipulates that ­rural development should be viewed as a key function o...

The successful functioning of cooperative marketing associations in a number of fields has caused foresters to wonder how far this type of organization is adaptable to the handling of forest products. In two previous articles in the JOURNAL OF FOaESTaY • a number of possible advantages and disadvantages of cooperative marketing of timber were brought out. In the present article the analysis of ...

Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. Abstract The global resurgence of cooperatives has given rise to debate about their role in development. What challenges do they offer to current models of...

OBJECTIVES To determine the level of demand and supply of out of hours care from a nationally representative sample of general practice cooperatives. DESIGN Observational study based on routinely collected data on telephone calls, patient population data from general practices, and information about cooperatives from interviews with managers. SETTING 20 cooperatives in England and Scotland ...