this study investigates the application of landscape ecology in planning and design of urban ecological systems. the ecological approach to landscape planning and the concepts of designing and implementing ecological systems have gained increasing attention in the last two decades. however, the ecological systems of urban environment need more research to consider built and natural patches and ...

Mammalian ingestion of jervane, solanidane, and spirosolane steroidal alkaloids produces craniofacial congenital malformations in offspring upon administration during the primitive s t rdneura l plate developmental phase. Structure-terata studies have shown that hamster teratogenicity induced by steroidal alkaloids is primarily related to the presence of C-5, C-6 unsaturation and secondarily to...

WERE I to confme my remarks, in opening this discussion, to a literal interpretation of the subject or to definitely established facts, our committee’s generous time allowance would be much too long. I must therefore risk your disapprobation, to fill the time allotted, by taking a broad view of the topic and by entering occasionally upon the realm of the speculative. As I have taken the bit in ...

Recent reports (MUKAI et al. 1974; KATZ and CARDELLINO 1978; COCKERHAM and MUEAI 1978) have indicated that the Cy chromosome is not always dominant over its homologous chromosome with respect to viability. Thus, the genetic parameters previously estimated using viabilities determined by the Cy method are biased. In the present paper, the biases of the estimates for the polygenic mutation rate, ...

Categorial grammar analyzes linguistic syntax and semantics in terms of type theory and lambda calculus. A major attraction of this approach is its unifying power, as its basic function/argument structures occur across the foundations of mathematics, language and computation. This paper considers, in a light example-based manner, where this elegant logical paradigm stands when confronted with t...

D u r i n g most o f t he l a s t two decades , c o m p u t a t i o n a l l i n g u i s t s and A I r e s e a r c h e r s w o r k i n g o n n a t u r a l language have assumed t h a t phrase s t r u c t u r e grammars, d e s p i t e t h e i r c o m p u t a t i o n a l t r a c t a b i l i t y , were u n s a t i s f a c t o r y d e v i c e s f o r e x p r e s s i n g the s y n t a x o f n a t u r...

A method for the recovery of the temporal structure and phases in natural gesture is presented. The work is motivated by recent developments in the theory of natural gesture which have identified several key aspects of gesture important to communication. In particular, gesticulation during conversation can be coarsely characterized as periods of bi-phasic or tri-phasic gesture separated by a re...

Redundancy reduction on the basis of the second-order statistics of natural images has been very successful in accounting for the psychophysics of low-level vision. Here we study the second-order statistics of natural sound ensembles using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Their eigen spectra exhibit a nite-size scaling behavior as a function of the window size, with universality after the 2{...

The thesis presents an attempt at using the syntactic structure in natural language for improved language models for speech recognition. The structured language model merges techniques in automatic parsing and language modeling using an original probabilistic parameterization of a shift-reduce parser. A maximum likelihood reestimation procedure belonging to the class of expectation-maximization...