Cells of Pseudomonas stutzeri are naturally transformed by homologous chromosomal DNA; they do not require chemical treatment to become competent. This capacity to undergo natural transformation was found to be shared by the closely related species P. mendocina, P. alcaligenes, and P. pseudoalcaligenes, but was not detectable in strains of P. aeruginosa, P. perfectomarinus, P. putida, P. fluore...

Potent estrogenic hormones are consistently detected in the environment at low concentration, yet these chemicals are strongly sorbed to soil and are labile. The objective of this research was to improve the understanding of the processes of sorption, mobility, and transformation for estrogens in natural soils, and their interaction. Equilibrium and kinetic batch sorption experiments, and a lon...

The purpose of this study is to generate weather forecasts from XML stored weather dataset Reiter and Dale proposes Natural Language Generation NLG System as three stage pipelined modularized system We follow them but not only regard our input data as XML database but implement three module as XML format transformation process As a result new insights at the research eld of report generation fr...

Many bacteria are able to efficiently bind and take up double-stranded DNA fragments, and the resulting natural transformation shapes bacterial genomes, transmits antibiotic resistance, and allows escape from immune surveillance. The genomes of many competent pathogens show evidence of extensive historical recombination between lineages, but the actual recombination events have not been well ch...

UNLABELLED Natural transformation by competent bacteria is a primary means of horizontal gene transfer; however, evidence that competence drives bacterial diversity and evolution has remained elusive. To test this theory, we used a retrospective comparative genomic approach to analyze the evolutionary history of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a bacterial species with both competent and ...

One of the largest challenges in speaker recognition is dealing with speaker-emotion variability problem. Nowadays, compensation techniques are the main solutions to this problem. In these methods, all kinds of speakers’ emotion speech should be elicited thus it is not user-friendly in the application. Therefore the basic problem is how to get the distribution of speakers’ emotion speech and ho...

Visual information in natural scenes is distributed over a broad range of intensities and contrasts. This distribution has to be compressed in the retina to match the dynamic range of retinal neurons. In this study we examined how cones perform this compression and investigated which physiological processes contribute to this operation. M- and L-cones of the goldfish were stimulated with a natu...

A new me thod is p r e s e n t e d for s impl i fy ing t h e l o g i c a l e x p r e s s i o n s u s e d to r e p r e s e n t u t t e r a n c e m e a n ing in a n a t u r a l l a n g u a g e sys t em. 1 This s i m p l i f i c a t i o n m e t h o d u t i l i z e s t he e n c o d e d knowledge a nd t h e l imi t ed i n f e r e n c e m a k i n g c a p a b i l i t y of a t a x o n o m i c k n o w l...

Genetic transformation is widely utilized in molecular biology as a tool for gene cloning in Escherichia coli and for gene mapping in Bacillus subtilis. Several strains of eubacteria can naturally take up exogenous DNA and integrate the DNA into their own genomes. Molecular details of natural transformation, however, remained to be elucidated. The complete genome of a cyanobacterium, Synechocys...