How far does the influence of a proton reach in water? X-ray spectroscopy reveals how––layer by layer––the electronic structure water molecules is altered when hydrating proton. A general architectural hierarchy exists which strongly interacts with three nearest to form hybridized H7O3+ core while first hydration shell affected electric field proton's positive charge. Further solvation shells c...

The molecular organization of sterols in liposomes of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) at 37 degrees C is examined by utilizing the fluorescent analogue of cholesterol cholesta-5,7,9-trien-3 beta-ol (cholestatrienol). (1) Cholestatrienol is shown to be indistinguishable from native cholesterol in terms of its ability to condense POPC, as determined by (i) pressure/area st...

in this paper we have down three theoretical study by using monte carlo simulation and mm+,amber and opls force field. the calculations were carried out using hyper chem professional,release 7.01 package of program. first we have studied the interaction of h2 molecule and he atomwith single-walled carbon nanotube at different temperature. for doing this study we placed h2 andhe in the center an...

In mammals, reproductive synchrony and reproductive suppression usually are found in social, group-living species, which often display hierarchical relationships among related animals. Some individuals, particularly younger, philopatric females beyond the age of sexual maturity, may not raise offspring because they are suppressed by other individuals. Although brown bears (Ursus arctos) are a s...

Local structural measurements have been performed on hexagonal HoMnO3 in order to ascertain the specific changes in bond distances, which accompany magnetic ordering transitions. The transition from the paramagnetic to the antiferromagnetic noncollinear phase near 70 K is dominated by changes in the a-b plane Mn-Mn bond distances. The spin rotation transition near 40 K involves both Mn-Mn and n...

Extra-pair copulation is considered to be a means by which females can modify their initial mate choice, and females might obtain indirect benefits to offspring fitness by engaging in this behavior. Here, we examined the patterns of extra-pair paternity and female preferences in the yellow-rumped flycatcher (Ficedula zanthopygia). We found that female yellow-rumped flycatchers are more likely t...

In this note we introduce a self-interacting random walk in a dynamic random environment, prove that it is recurrent and find its scaling limit. The environment evolves in time in conjunction with the random walk and is nonmarkovian; however we will show that the walk only remembers the recent past. Various models of self-interacting random walks and random walks in dynamic random environments ...

Recent studies show that glutamate transporter-mediated currents occur in astrocytes when glutamate is released from hippocampal synapses. These transporters remove excess glutamate from the extracellular space, thereby facilitating synaptic input specificity and preventing neurotoxicity. Little is known about the position of astrocytic processes at hippocampal synapses. Serial electron microsc...

Fast excitatory synapses are generally thought to act as private communication channels between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Some recent findings, however, suggest that glutamate may diffuse out of the synaptic cleft and bind to several subtypes of receptors, either in the perisynaptic membrane or at neighboring synapses. It is not known whether activation of these receptors can occur ...

We theoretically investigate the effect of intermolecular Coulomb interactions on transport through selfassembled molecular monolayers (or other devices based on a large number of nanoscale conductors connected in parallel). Due to the interactions, the current through different molecules become correlated, resulting in distinct features in the nonlinear current-voltage characteristics, as we s...