Sir, Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) was first described by Oppenheim in 1929. NL is a granulomatous skin disease with association with diabetes mellitus (DM) in 10–40% of cases, but less than 1% of patients with DM develop NL. Additional risk factors for NL include other granulomatous diseases, such as granuloma anulare (GA), sarcoidosis, colitis ulcerosa and Crohn’s disease. Middleaged women are m...

Scleredema is a rare condition of unknown pathogenesis. It is classically divided into three types, based on its association with postinfection (usually streptococcal), monoclonal gammopathy and diabetes mellitus (scleredema diabeticorum). Scleredema diabeticorum often has a subtle onset, persistent involvement and is refractory to therapies. Numerous therapies have been tried, with mixed and i...

Abstract We present the case of an 84-year-old woman referred with a 6-month history lesion on her occipital scalp. Examination revealed creamy-white, nonscaly nodule measuring 15 × mm surface telangiectasia. Her past medical included basal cell carcinoma, stage 3 kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. A diagnosis necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) was confirmed incisional biop...

BACKGROUND Diagnosing cutaneous sarcoidosis and necrobiotic granulomas is challenging. OBJECTIVE Assessing the value of dermoscopy in differentiating cutaneous sarcoidosis from necrobiotic granulomas and evaluating whether their dermoscopic features will be altered after treatment. METHODS Nineteen cutaneous sarcoidosis and 11 necrobiotic granuloma patients (2 necrobiosis lipoidica, 4 granu...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cutaneous disorders and their relation to disease duration, metabolic control, and microvascular complications in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The presence and frequency of skin manifestations were examined and compared in 212 unselected type 1 diabetic patients (aged 2-22 years, diabe...

Venous disease, arterial disease, and neuropathy cause over 90% of lower limb ulcers. It is useful to divide leg ulcers into those occurring in the gaiter area and those occurring in the forefoot because the aetiologies in these two sites are different. At least two aetiological factors can be identified in one third of all lower limb ulcers. Venous ulcers most commonly occur above the medial o...

Many skin lesions are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 or 2, due to the use of antidiabetics or to metabolic and endocrine disorders caused by this disease. Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) occurs more frequently in patients with DM. Painful ulcerations may occur on NL areas in about 20-25% of the cases and usually they are related to trauma. We present the case of a teenager, male, 17-y...