This application note shows how to select a temperature sensor and conditioning circuit to maximize the measurement accuracy and simplify the interface to the microcontroller. Practical circuits and interface techniques will be provided for embedded applications with thermocouples, Resistive Temperature Detectors (RTDs), thermistors and silicon integrated circuit temperature sensors. The attrib...

this analysis was conducted on 31 synoptic stations in iran. initially, the mann-kendall test was administered in order to analyse the trend of alterations of these two components over time and the results suggest that 16% of the stations show significant relationship with annual precipitation (positive and negative). more stations showed significant relationships between sunspots and minimum a...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the size of lesions produced by radiofrequency catheter ablation correlates with the temperature and surface area of the electrode-tissue interface. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of ablation using very large distal electrodes (8F, 8 and 12 mm long) with those made by a conventional radiofrequency ablation catheter (distal...

In order to study the thermodynamic properties of brane-antibrane systems, we compute the finite temperature effective potential of tachyon T in this system on the basis of boundary string field theory. At low temperature, the minimum of the potential shifts towards T = 0 as the temperature increases. In the D9-D9 case, the sign of the coefficient of |T |2 term of the potential changes slightly...

Zn(CN)2 and Ni(CN)2 are known for exhibiting anomalous thermal expansion over a wide temperature range. The volume thermal expansion coefficient for the cubic, three dimensionally connected material, Zn(CN)2, is negative (αV = -51 × 10 -6 K) while for Ni(CN)2, a tetragonal material, the thermal expansion coefficient is negative in the two dimensionally connected sheets (αa=-7 × 10 -6 K), but th...

Abstract. We derive the exact expression of the diffusion coefficient of a self-gravitating Brownian gas in two dimensions. We show the existence of a critical temperature Tc at which the diffusion coefficient vanishes. For T < Tc the diffusion coefficient is negative and the gas undergoes gravitational collapse. This leads to the formation of a Dirac peak concentrating the whole mass in a fini...

The formulation of the classical basic equations for a thermoelectric cooler from the Thomson relations to the non-linear differential equation with Onsager’s reciprocal relations was performed to basically study the Thomson effect in conjunction with the ideal equation. The ideal equation is obtained when the Thomson coefficient is assumed to be zero. The exact solutions derived for a commerci...