Klippel Trenaunay syndrome refers to a rare congenital anomaly which is characterized by capillary malformation, venous malformation and sometimes lymphatic malformation associated with overgrowth of a limb, with soft tissue hypertrophy and/or bony hypertrophy. The anomaly, if present, is present at birth and usually involves the lower limbs as well as portion of trunk, face, uppper limb or hea...

The Foker process is a method of esophageal lengthening through axial tension-induced growth, allowing for subsequent primary reconstruction of the esophagus in esophageal atresia (EA). In this unique case, the Foker process was used to grow the remaining esophageal segment long enough to attain esophageal continuity following failed colonic interpositions for long-gap esophageal atresia (LGEA)...

Asthma affects 8–9% of pregnant women in the USA [1]. Since asthma exacerbations during pregnancy can lead to poor pulmonary function, hypoxia and other adverse health outcomes for the mother, fetus and neonate [2, 3], maintaining good control of asthma during pregnancy is recommended for the health of both mother and baby [4]. Reviews of the safety of asthma medication use during pregnancy sug...

In mammalian species, the fetal adrenal gland plays a key role during late gestation since fetal glucocorticoids are involved in the maturation of the fetus and in the adaptation of the neonate to extra-uterine life. Moreover, in domestic ruminants as well as in the pig, the onset of parturition is triggered by an increased level of fetal plasma glucocorticoids. This prepartum rise of fetal glu...

A rare case of neonatal Ebstein's anomaly with circular shunting was reported. A two-stage surgical procedure was performed, and the outcome was good. Razook JD. Repair of Ebstein's anomaly in the symptomatic neonate: an evolution of technique with 7-year follow-up. Rapid two-stage Starnes procedure for a symptomatic neonate with Ebstein anomaly. Ebstein's anomaly appearing in the neonate. A ne...

During postnatal motoneuron development, the glycine receptor (GlyR) alpha subunit changes from alpha2 (fetal) to alpha1 (adult). To study the effect this change has on ethanol potentiation of GlyR currents in hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs), we placed neurons into two groups: neonate [postnatal day 1 to 3 (P1-3)], primarily expressing alpha2, and juvenile (P9-13), primarily expressing alpha1. We...

Fibrillar collagen is the primary component of the cardiac interstitial extracellular matrix. This extracellular matrix undergoes dramatic changes from birth to adulthood and then into advanced age. As evidence, fibrillar collagen content was compared in sections from neonates, adult, and old hearts and was found to increase at each respective age. Cardiac fibroblasts are the principle cell typ...

Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum is a rare complication in neonatal period. A 3-dayold term male neonate was transferred to our emergency room due to bowel perforation. Surgical exploration was done and perforated Meckel's diverticulum was detected. Pathological report of the tissue showed inflamed diverticulum with heterotopic gastric mucosa. This is the first report of Meckel's diverticul...

A two-week-old male neonate was admitted to a district hospital with a short history of poor feeding, rapid grunting respirations and pyrexia. Bilateral extensive consolidation was noted and the patient was transferred to a general hospital for further management. On admission, the neonate was obtunded with tachypnoea, pyrexia and extensive crepitations in the chest. Chest radiographs (Fig. 1a)...